考向1 作宾语或补足语
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking(look) directly into his eyes.
(2018·全国Ⅲ)
解析 动词avoid后要接动名词作宾语。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛，故用looking。 2.Once his message was delivered，he allowed me to stay (stay) and watch.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
解析 固定短语allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，应该用to stay作宾补。 3.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken(take).(2018·天津)
解析 句意为：我需要一个新护照，所以我得去让人给我拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与take之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。 4.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required to process(process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. (2017·全国Ⅰ)
解析 require sth./sb.to do sth.需要某物/某人做某事，此处用其被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。
5.Fast food is full of fat and salt；by eating(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017·全国Ⅰ) 解析 表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。
6.This included digging up the road，laying(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
解析 included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式作included的宾语。
7.But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017·全国Ⅲ) 解析 want to do sth.想要做某事，动词不定式作want的宾语。
8.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using(use) electric equipment.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
解析 介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。
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Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
sell
1.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish.(2018·全
selling国Ⅰ)
解析 此处用动名词作介词by的宾语。
watching
2.As a kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to
watchthem，my parents would not let me.(2018·全国Ⅱ) 解析 ask to do sth.要求做某事。
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3.When summer comes，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！
(2017·全国Ⅱ)
解析 invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事。
take4.We can choose between staying at home and a trip.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
taking解析 此处为between...and...结构，连接动名词短语作宾语，故此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。
5.The position of the classroom with its view made me dreaming.(2015·浙江)
解析 make后跟复合宾语，当宾补为动词且与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，用动词原形。
考向2 作主语或表语
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It took him a long time to acquire(acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
(2018·天津)
解析 句意为：他花了很长时间才获得成为一名好舞者所需要的各项技能。考查动词不定式作主语。在It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.句型中，it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。
2.Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018·北京)
解析 句意为：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有意义的经历。“ along the old Silk Road”作主语，要用动名词。 Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
felt
like I was feel
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interesting
1.In their spare time，they are in planting vegetables in their garden，
interestedwhich is on the rooftop of their house. (2017·全国Ⅱ)
解析 interesting意为“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意为“感兴趣的”，多指人。该句的主语是they，故用interested作表语。be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”。 Have2. tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，Having
which might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ) 解析 分析句式结构可知句子的主语应为Have tea in the late afternoon这部分，动词原形不能作句子的主语，所以应该用动名词形式作主语。
考向3 作定语
单句语法填空
1.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
解析 因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。
2.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something to eat(eat)！(2016·四川)
解析 不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！
3.Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015·全国Ⅰ) 解析 句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作定语。 4.A study of travelers conducted(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015·全国Ⅰ)
解析 句意为：TripAdvisor网站进行的一项对于旅行者的调查把阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句意和句子结构可知，study与conduct构成逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应该使用过去分词作定语，修饰名词study。
考向4 作状语
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve(improve) water quality.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
解析 句意为：为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词而且谓语动词
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是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to improve。 2.Ordinary soap，used(use) correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018·北京)
解析 因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系，因此应该用过去分词作状语，used correctly相当于if it is used correctly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。 3.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period，exceeding(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018·江苏)
解析 句意为：在这段时期创造了大约13 500个新工作，超过了市场分析家认为的12 000的预期数字。were created是谓语，因此exceed只能用非谓语动词形式，句子的主语与exceed之间为主动关系，因此用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
4.Sixteen years earlier，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook(cook) a meal.(2017·浙江)
解析 Pahlsson当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式作目的状语。
5.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create(create) special designs.
(2016·全国Ⅲ)
解析 句中已有谓语combine，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，combine various hardwoods and metal的目的是to create special designs，故填动词不定式作目的状语。
6.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，using(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.(2016·全国Ⅲ) 解析 第二句中已有谓语cooked，且无其他连词，use与主句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
wait1.Everyone was silent， to see who would be called upon to read his or her
waitingparagraph aloud.
(2018·全国Ⅲ)
解析 分析句子结构可知，was为谓语动词，主语everyone与wait之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
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2.I might have to retire again next year just to get some more of these biscuits.(2015·陕西)
解析 句意为：我也许明年得再退休一次，只是为了能得到更多的饼干。故此处用动词不定式表示目的。
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考向5 固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting(rest).
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
解析 spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配。
2.If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you’ll be less likely to bring(bring) your work home.(2016·全国Ⅱ) 解析 固定表达be likely to do...很可能做某事。
3.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool(cool) the house during the hot day；at the same time，they warm up again for the night.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
解析 “形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为常用句式。 Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
Turning
1.The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “
Turnleft！”
(2017·全国Ⅰ)
解析 根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个属于并列结构，都是祈使句，都以动词原形开头。
sing
2.We’ve been spending a lot of time in karaoke bars.(2015·四川)
singing解析 spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事，为固定搭配。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing(wear) sunglasses.
2.She wished that he was as easy to please(please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.
3.Built(build) in 1192，the bridge is over 800 years old. 4.Collecting(collect) stamps seems to be his main hobby. 5.I didn’t talk much to the man sitting(sit) next to me. 6.Weather permitting(permit)，we’ll have an outing tomorrow. Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
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2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第一部分专题2非谓语动词讲义
