定语从句
芝麻开门
定语从句
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知己知彼
考纲 理解定语从句的构成和基本用法 句子 揭秘: 定语从句在中考中直接考查的比例较小，但是理解定语从句的构成和基本用法有 助于提高阅读能力；同时，若能在作文中尝试恰当地使用定语从句，会为文章增光添彩。
沙场点兵
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定语从句
用兵如神
考点一: 关系代词引导的定语从句
【典型例题1】
People often like clothes ______ can make them look young. 【2024湖南株洲】 A. when
B. who
C. that
【考点精析】C. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的基本用法。一般情况下，定语从句是紧跟在名词或代词后 面的从句，对该名词或代词起修饰限定作用，这个被从句修饰的名词或代词，也叫做定语从句的先行词。 本题中先行词为“clothes（指物）”，又因为从句部分“can make them look young”缺少主语，故空格部 分需要一个关系代词，它既能在从句中担当主语，又能指物。选项中只有that既可以指代物，又可以在 从句中担当主语，所以答案为C。
【典型例题2】
I hate people ______ talk much but do little. 【2024山东泰安】 A. who
B. which
C. whose
D. whom
【考点精析】A. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的基本用法。句意为“我讨厌只说不做的人”。题中先行词 为“people（指人）”，且从句部分“talk much but do little”缺少主语，故空格部分需要一个关系代词， 它既能在从句中担当主语，又能指人。选项中只有who即可以指代人，又可以在从句中担当主语，所以 答案为A。
【典型例题3】
--There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? 【2024湖北随州】 --The one ______ hat is yellow.
A. who B. whose C. that D. which
【考点精析】B. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的基本用法。句意为“那里有许多女孩，哪个是你妹妹啊？” “帽子是黄色的那个。”本题先行词为the one（代指女孩，指人），从句部分“hat is yellow”缺少定语， 即“女孩的帽子是黄色的”，故空格部分需要一个关系代词，它能在从句中担当定语，只有whose可以 做定语，答案为B。
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【举一反三】 关系代词 who whom whose that which
【即学即练】
1. There will be a flower show in the park ________ we visited last week. 【2024广东】 A. who
B. when
C. what
D. which
先行词 人 人 人、物 人、物 物 所担当成分 主语、宾语 宾语 定语 主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语 She is the girl ______________ wallet is lost. She is the girl ______________ we all like. 典型例句 I like people ______________ talk little but do much. I like stories ______________ my grandma told me. 2. The English-Chinese dictionary________ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value. A. whose B. when
C. who D. that
3. Success will belong to those ________never say \【2024河南】 A. whom
B. what
C. who
D. which
4. --What are you looking for？【2024 山东滨州】
--I'm looking for the ring ________my husband bought me last year. A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. it
5. It’s interesting that there are many people ________speak French in Canada. 【 2024四川成都】 A. which B. where C. who
D. when
6. Please pass me the cartoon book ________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. 【2024天津】 A. whom
B. whose
C. who D. which
7. Most students like the teachers ________ understand them well. 【2024浙江嘉兴】 A. who
B. when
C. what
D. which
8. --What are you looking for? 【2024浙江衢州】
--I'm looking for the pen ________my father gave me last week. A. who
B. which
C. whose
D. whom
9. --Do you know the girl ________ is helping the old woman. 【2024贵州黔东南州】 --Oh, that's my sister.
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定语从句
A. whom B. whose C. who D. where
10. She is the girl________invention got the first prize in the school competition. 【2024湖北荆州】
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whose
【答案】1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D ① 关系代词在定语从句中担当宾语成分时，可以省略。如： I lost the pen (that/which) my father bought me. ② 关系代词在定语从句中担当主语时，从句谓语动词形式由先行词决定。如： You can’t wake a person who is pretending to be asleep. You can’t wake persons who are pretending to be asleep. ③ 关系代词在定语从句中担当介词宾语时，可以将介词提到关系代词前，这时先 教学点拨 行词指人时，关系代词只能用which；先行词指物时，关系代词只能用whom， 另外，介词提前后关系代词不能省略。如： The man (that/who/whom) you spoke to was a scientist. = The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. The city (that/which) she lives in is far away. = The city in which she lives is far away. 固定短语中的介词不能提前，如：look for, look after...
考点二: 关系代词的特殊用法
【典型例题1】
One of the most delicious drinks _________ I like is orange juice. 【2024湖北十堰】
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
【考点精析】B. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的特殊用法。句意为“我喜欢的最好喝的饮料之一就是橙汁”。 先行词是“drinks（指物）”，从句部分“I like”缺少宾语，根据上面所讲，可知答案锁定A和B中，又 因为先行词前面有最高级（the most delicious），这时只能用that，不用which。
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2024中考英语专题16：定语从句（带答案）
