2018新标日语初级语法汇总(完整版）
第1课 .............................................................................................................................................. 8
1、名は 名です....................................................................................................................... 8 2、名は 名ではありません ................................................................................................... 8 3、名は名ですか..................................................................................................................... 8 4、名の名 [从属机构、国家][属性] ..................................................................................... 8 第2课 .............................................................................................................................................. 8
1、 これ／それ／あれは名です ........................................................................................... 9 2、だれですか／何ですか ..................................................................................................... 9 3、名の名 [所属] .................................................................................................................... 9 4、 この／その／あの名は名です ....................................................................................... 9 5、“どれ”／“どの” 名 ................................................................................................... 9 第3课 ............................................................................................................................................ 10
1、 ここ／そこ／あそこは名です ..................................................................................... 10 2、名は名词[场所] です ...................................................................................................... 10 3、名はどこですか............................................................................................................... 10 4、名も名です....................................................................................................................... 10 5、名は名ですか，名ですか ............................................................................................... 10 6、名はいくらですか ........................................................................................................... 11 第4课 ............................................................................................................................................ 11
1、“あります”和“います” ............................................................................................. 11 2、名と名 [并列] .................................................................................................................. 12 3、 上 ／ 下 ／ 前 ／ 後ろ ／ 中 ／ 外 ............................................................. 12 うえ した まえ うしろ なか そと ................................................................. 12 4、ね [确认] .......................................................................................................................... 12 5、疑问词＋も＋ 动词（否定） ......................................................................................... 12 第5课 ............................................................................................................................................ 12
1、今～時～分です............................................................................................................... 12 2、动ます／动ません ........................................................................................................... 13 3、名词[时间] に动 .............................................................................................................. 13 4、名词[时间] から名词[时间] まで动 ............................................................................. 13 5、いつ动ますか................................................................................................................... 14 6、は [对比] .......................................................................................................................... 14 第6课 ............................................................................................................................................ 14
2、 名词[场所] から动 ........................................................................................................ 14 3、名[人] と动 ...................................................................................................................... 14 4、 名词[交通工具] で动 .................................................................................................... 15 5、 名词[场所] から名词[场所] まで动 ........................................................................... 15 6、“に／で／へ／から／まで／と”＋は ......................................................................... 15 第7课 ............................................................................................................................................ 15
1、名を 名............................................................................................................................. 15
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2、 名词[场所] で动 ............................................................................................................ 15 3、 名か名............................................................................................................................. 16 4、 名をください................................................................................................................. 16 第8课 ............................................................................................................................................ 16
1、 名词[工具] で 动 .......................................................................................................... 16 2、 名1[人] は名2[人] に名3[物] をあげます .............................................................. 16 3、 名1[人] は名2[人] に名3[物] をもらいます .......................................................... 16 4、 名[人] に会います ........................................................................................................ 17 5、よ [提醒] .......................................................................................................................... 17 6、もう①............................................................................................................................... 17 第9课 ............................................................................................................................................ 17
1、 名は一类形 です ........................................................................................................... 17 2、 一类形做谓语时的否定形式 ......................................................................................... 18 3、 一类形做谓语时的过去形式 ......................................................................................... 18 4、 一类形＋名..................................................................................................................... 18 5、“を”→“は”................................................................................................................. 18 6、あまり一类形／动（否定） ........................................................................................... 18 7、表示程度的副词① ........................................................................................................... 19 8、常用的一类型容词 ........................................................................................................... 19 第10课 .......................................................................................................................................... 19
1、 名は二类形 です／でした ........................................................................................... 19 2、 名は二类形 ではありません／ではありませんでした ........................................... 19 3、 名は二类形 な名です ................................................................................................... 19 4、 名でした......................................................................................................................... 20 5、どんな名........................................................................................................................... 20 6、どうですか....................................................................................................................... 20 7、“でも”和“そして” ....................................................................................................... 20 8、常用的二类形容词 ........................................................................................................... 21 第11课 ........................................................................................................................................... 21
1、 名1 は名2が一类形 ／二类形 です ........................................................................ 21 2、 名1 は名2が分かります／できます ........................................................................ 21 3、 名や名............................................................................................................................. 21 4、“～から”和“だから” [原因、理由] ........................................................................ 21 5、表示频率的副词............................................................................................................... 22 6、*どうしてですか ............................................................................................................. 22 第12课 .......................................................................................................................................... 22
1、 名1 は名2より一类形 ／二类形 です .................................................................... 22 2、 名1 より名2のほうが一类形 ／二类形 です ........................................................ 22 3、 名1 は名2ほど一类形 くないです／二类形 ではありません ............................ 23 4、 名1 の中 なか で名2がいちばん一类形 ／二类形 です .................................... 23 5、 名1 と名2とどちらが一类形 ／二类形 ですか .................................................... 23 6、どの名／いつ／どれ／だれ／何 なに がいちばん一类形 ／二类形 ですか ....... 23 第13课 .......................................................................................................................................... 24
1、名[数量]＋动 .................................................................................................................... 24
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2、名[时间]＋动 .................................................................................................................... 24 3、名[时间]に 名[次数]＋动 ............................................................................................... 24 4、动词的“ます形” ........................................................................................................... 25 5、名[场所] へ 动 に行 い きます／来 き ます .......................................................... 25 6、名[数量]＋で .................................................................................................................... 25 第14课 .......................................................................................................................................... 25
1、动词的“て形”............................................................................................................... 25 2、动て 动 [相继发生①] .................................................................................................... 25 3、动てから动[相继发生②] ................................................................................................ 25 4、动て ください................................................................................................................. 26 5、名[场所]を 动 [经过] [离开] .......................................................................................... 26 第15课 .......................................................................................................................................... 26
1、动ています① [正在进行] .............................................................................................. 26 2、动ても いいです ............................................................................................................. 26 3、动ては いけません ......................................................................................................... 27 4、名[附着点]に 动 .............................................................................................................. 27 5、名[目的地]に 动 .............................................................................................................. 27 第16课 .......................................................................................................................................... 27
1、一类形 て 一类形 [并列①] .......................................................................................... 27 2、二类形で二类形 [并列②] .............................................................................................. 27 3、名1で名2 [并列③] ........................................................................................................ 28 4、动て います② [结果状态①] ........................................................................................ 28 5、小句が，小句 [转折] ...................................................................................................... 28 6、まだ＋动（否定） ........................................................................................................... 28 第17课 .......................................................................................................................................... 28
1、名が 欲しいです ............................................................................................................. 29 2、名を动たしです............................................................................................................... 29 3、动ませんか....................................................................................................................... 29 4、动ましょう....................................................................................................................... 29 5、疑问词＋でも................................................................................................................... 30 6、ね② [缓和语气] .............................................................................................................. 30 第18课 .......................................................................................................................................... 30
1、一类形 なります ............................................................................................................. 30 2、一类形します................................................................................................................... 30 3、二类形 ／ 名になります ............................................................................................... 30 4、二类形 ／ 名 にします ................................................................................................. 31 5、一类形／二类形ほうがいいです ................................................................................... 31 6、自动词和他动词............................................................................................................... 31 第19课 .......................................................................................................................................... 31
1、动词的“ない形” ........................................................................................................... 31 2、动ないでください ........................................................................................................... 31 3、动なければなりません ................................................................................................... 32 4、动なくてもいいです ....................................................................................................... 32 5、名1が名2です ............................................................................................................... 32
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2018新标日语初级语法汇总(完整版)
