常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 一、规则变化:
1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked 2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted 注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。 B. 特例:
picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易,在…通行） 另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)
C. 读音与说明:
①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped ②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed
③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted
二、不规则变化
⒈ A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤
⒉ A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打
⒊ A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来
become became become 变 run ran run 跑 ⒋ A ---B ---B型
⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见
⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 ⑶其他
pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 fight fought fought 战斗 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光 feel felt felt 觉得 find found found 发现 get got got 得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂 have had had 有
hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖
⒌ A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） ⑴在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画 show showed shown 展示
⑵过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记
⑶变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。 begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮 ⑷其他不规则动词的变化。 be(am,is) was/ were been 是 be(are) were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去 lie lay lain 躺 wear wore worn 穿
常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则
