英语单词词性转换的基本规律
.动词(v.)→名词(n.) (a)词形不变,词性改变
例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).
(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示\某一类人\的名词
例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.
注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r. 例如:drive—driver, write—writer等. 2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er
例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.
(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词
例如:achieve—achievement (成就)
advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)
agree—agreement disgree—disagreement amuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)
commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development (发展)
depart—department (局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府)
manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (装备)
有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argue—argument(争论)
(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词
例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;
invent—invention discuss—discussion; express—expression educate—education; graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加\
compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加\
decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加\
describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)
(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词 例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现) perform—performance (演出) accept—acceptance (接受)
(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)
例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting
bathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaning
end —ending train —training wash—washing
注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing
如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning
(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化
(完整word版)高中英语-词性规律(前缀+后缀)
