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成人英语三级考试词汇与语法解题技巧
一、概述
选择题考察词语用法和语法结构(PartⅡVocabulary and Structure),共30题,考试时间25分钟。题目中50%为词和短语的用法,50%为语法结构。要求考生从每题四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
词语用法和语法结构部分主要考核学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。考试范围包括全日制文理科教学大纲中词汇表及语法结构表一至三级的主要内容。
挑错(Part Ⅲ Identification),共10题,考试时间10分钟。挑错题由10个单句组成。每个句子含有标着A、B、C、D的四个划线部分,其中有一处是错误的,要求考生从上个划线部分中挑出其错误的部分。挑错部分是词语语法和语法结构部分的延伸,目的是测试学生掌握词汇、短语及语法结构的熟练程度,其重点是固定搭配和句型。
二、常见词汇辨析题
1.She _____ us that every would be all right.
A. assured B. ensured C. insure D. secure
答案:A
解析:assure、ensure、insure、secure都有“保证”这个意思,但它们有着细微的。assure强调消除疑虑,题干的意思是“她向我们保证会一切顺利”,因此应该用assure。ensure强调实实在在的保障,如\ensured an interview.\暗含了有了这封信就一定可以参加面试的意思。Insure则强调事先准备以保证。最后secure则表示采取措施排除负面因素从而保证。
2.She asked me to ______ her at 7.
A. awake B. awaken C. waken D. The three answers are all right
答案:D
解析:awake,形容词,“醒着的”,动词,“唤醒、醒来”。作为动词,它的用法与wake(up)相似,既可是及物动词,如\(看到有机会盈利我就有了兴趣)和\project awoke his interest.\和waken一样,也可作及物和不及物动词,表示“唤醒”和“醒来”的意思。
3.The meeting will begin at 9:00 according to the ______.
A. calendar B. schedule C. column D. diagram
答案:B
解析:四个选项的意思分别是calendar,日历,schedule,日程安排,column,专栏,diagram,图解。Schedule还可以作动词,意思是“安排”,如\。词组on schedule意为“准时地”。此外还要掌握column一词也可指“体积”。
4.He spoke so quickly; I didn't ______ what he said.
A. receive B. accept C. listen D. catch
答案:D
解析:catch是一个意项很多的词,可以表示“抓住”“捕获”“赶上车”“感染”等。可用catch sb. doing,意为当场抓住某人做某事,如:\。这里catch指“理解”“懂得”。
5.It is said that he ____ murder.
A. committed B. conducted C. executed D. emitted
答案:A
解析:commit,动词,意为“干、犯(坏事)”。与之相关的词有commitment和committee,“委员会”。Conduct,动词,“指挥、引导”。如“He conducts himself quite well these days in school.(他这些天在学校表现不错。)”,\。另外,作为动词它还有“传热、传导”的意项。它也可以作名词,意思是“行为、品行”。与之相关的词有conductor,“领队、乐队指挥”、“售票员、列车员”“导体”。Execute,动词,意为“执行”、“处死”,如\。Executive,形容词,“实行的”,名词,“管理人员”。Emit,动词,“发射、发出”。
6.The door is shut _____ and clocked.
A. fast B. tight C. firm D. sound
答案:A
解析:fast要这里是作副词,意思是“紧紧地”。除此之外,它还可以表示“完全地”,与sound相似。Tight和firm如果换成它们的副词形式tightly和firmly在这里也是适合的。Sound也可以作副词,意思是“完全地、彻底地”,如“He's sound asleep”。
7.Many crops were grown on the____ land.
A. barren B. bare C. fertile D. deserted
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答案:C
解析:barren,形容词,“贫瘠的”,与fertile构成反义词。Bare,形容词,“赤裸裸的、光秃的”,如“bare feet(光脚)”。Deserted,由动词desert(抛弃、荒废)的过去分词构成的形容词,意为“荒废的”。
8.He_____ our doubts with a clear explanation.
A. set B. settled C. fixed D. established
答案:B
解析:这四个词都有“放在合适的位置”的意思,但各有强调之处。Set强调放置在确定的位置上,如\;settle表示放置在稳定、安全的位置上,如\,也可表示调整先前混乱的情况,本题取的就是这个意项;fix更强调永久性、稳固性,如\;而establish可以表示在将某物放入位置之后加固的进程,如\
9.The dream of a world without war is yet to be_____.
A. recognized B. filled C. fulfilled D. flourished
答案:C
解析:recognize,动词一,“认出、认识到”。Fulfill,动词,“完成、履行”,通常搭配使用的名词有duty、dream、need等。Flourish,动词,“繁荣、兴旺”,如\
10.The_____ will be used to help young writers to publish their works.
A. fee B. capital C. fund D. investment
答案:C
解析:fee,名词,“费用”,指接受他人的服务后应付的费用。Capital,名词,“资本”。Fund,名词,“基金、资金”,指为某项事业而筹集的钱。Investment,名词,“投资”,如foreign investment。
11.My salary is enough to _____the family.
A. retain B. obtain C. maintain D. remain
答案:C
解析:retain,动词,“保持”,如“The clothing retains its color. (这衣服不掉色。)”。Obtain,动词,“得到、获取”,如\,动词,“保持、维持”,指持续拥有,如\。这里maintain 指“供养”。Remain,动词,“保持”,指处于某种状态不变,如\。
12.The little boy ____ to tie his shoelaces but failed.
A. hesitated B. attempted C. managed D. meant
答案:B
解析:hesitate,动词,“犹豫”。Attempt,动词,“试图”,常用attempt to do,多用于表示没有成功的尝试,也可作名词。 Manage,动词,“应付、处理”,如\,manage to do指“做成某事”,如\名词management指“管理”, manager 指“经理”。mean to的意思是“意欲、打算”,如\(暗示) that you were dishonest\。
13.I didn't expect ()the examination to be so____.
A. slight B. minute C. tiny D. minor
答案:B
解析:minute,形容词,“微小的”、“详细的”,这里取其第二个意项。Slight,形容词,“微小的”、“不重要的”。Tiny,形容词,“微小的”。Minor,形容词,“较小的、较低的、次要的”,反义词是major.
14.A fact-finding_____ was sent to Caribbean.
A. parliament B. congress C. mission D. minister
答案:C
解析:mission,名词,“使命、代表团”。Parliament,名词,“(英国)议会”。Congress,名词,“(美国)国会”。Minister,名词,“部长”,the Prime Minister就是“首相”。
15.I don't feel like _____,I'm not in the ______.
A. dancing——mood B. dancing——mode C. to dance ——mood D. to dance——mode
答案:A
解析:feel like doing,口语中常用的表达“想做——”的方法。Mood,名词,“情绪”,表示处于某种情绪一,用介词in.mode,名词,“方式、模式”,如\(自动的)mode.\。
16.He was one of the _____ computers to teach.
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A. pilots to use B . pilots in using C. pioneers to use D. pioneers in using
答案:D
解析:pioneer,名词,“先驱”,表示“在某方面的先驱”用介词in。它也可作形容词,如\(研究者)\。Pilot,名词,“飞行员”,也可作动词,意为“驾驶(飞机)”。
17.This____ item(条款)of the contract(合同、协议)is problematic(有问题的).
A. peculiar B. curious C. particular D. special
答案:C
解析:particular,形容词,“个别的”、“尤其的”,题中取其第一个意项,又如“This particular sentence puzzles me.”,particular表示“这个单独的句子”。\这句中 particular则是“尤其”的意思。它的副词是particularly。Peculiar,形容词,“独特的、古怪的”,常用 peculiar to,意为“独属的”,如\。名词是 peculiarity,可数或不可数。 curious ,形容词,“好奇的”,常用be curious about:“奇怪的”。名词是curiosity .special,形容词,“特别的” ,如\名词是speciality,意为“特长、特别之处”,specialist指在某方面有特别兴趣或精通的人。
18.It really_____ me when she stopped breathing.
A. irritated B. scared C. puzzled D. touched
答案:B
解析:scare,动词,“惊吓、使害怕”。Irritate,动词,“激怒”。Puzzle,动词,“使——迷惑”。也可作名词,意思是“迷、迷语”。Touch在这里表示“触动、感动”。
19.There are no simple ______ to the unemployment problem.
A. methods B. ways C. solutions D. measures
答案:C
解析:solution,名词,“解决问题的方法”,常用solution to.Method,名词,“方法”;measure,名词,“措施”A、B、D选项虽然意义符合,但没有后直接接介宾结构的用法。另外,measure还可作动词,意为“测量”。
20.How can we best____ our limited resources?
A. employ B. utilize C. enforce D. enlarge
答案:B
解析:utilize,动词,“利用”,尤指有效利用。Employ,动词,“雇佣”、“采用”,如\(技术)\。 Enforce,动词,“强迫”、“强制实施”,如\。注意不要与reinforce(加强)混淆。 Enlarge,动词,“变大”,如\。
三、考试常用搭配
1.Tom asked____ you, but I told him nothing.
A. for B. after C. of D. /
答案:B
解析:ask for最常用的意项是是“要求”。它也可以表示“要求和某人说话”的意思。 ask after则表示“问某人的情况、问候”的意思。这里选 ask after贴切。
2.As soon as I got _____, I felt sick.
A. on board the ship B. on the board of the ship
B. C. onto board the ship D. onto the board of the ship
答案:A
解析:on board 是一个固定的词组,相当于副词aboard,表示“在船上、车上、飞机上等”,不可以拆开使用。另外,它还可以表示“作为某队或组织的成员出席或工作”,如“ The mew trainee was welcomed on board.(新教练被欢迎上任。)” board一词可以作名词,意为“板”、“委员会”,作动词意为“上船”等。
3.He doesn't care_____ what people think of him.
A. about B. of C. for D. to
答案:A
解析:care的意思是“关心”。常用词组有care about,“关心、看得重要”; care for,“想要”。例如“ Would you care for tea ?”,用于否定句和疑问句中,“照料”,与take care of相近,如“ She cared for the old women for years.” Care后可接不定式,常用在礼貌的建议中,如“ Would you care to wait here ?”。
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4.This cake_____ sugar, butter and flour.
A. constitutes B. consists C. composes D. contains
答案:D
解析:A、B、C选项都有“构成”的意项,但用法不一样。Constitute是动词,用法与form相似,如“50 states constitute the USA.”。consist是动词,常用词组 consist of 意思是“由——组成”,如“This cake consists mainly of sugar, butter and flour.”。另外,consist in表示“由于、存在于”,如“ The charm of Paris does not consist only in its beauty.”。 Compose 常用be composed of,意思是“由——组成”,如“The cake is composed mainly of sugar, butter and flour.”。 contain的意思是“包含”,后面直接接宾语。
5.I looked everywhere for my bicycle but had to go home without it______.
A. on end B. in the end C. at the end D. by the end
答案:B 解析有:on end ,“倒立”,如“to stand on end ”:“连续地”,如“They talked for hours on end. ”。In the end,“最后、终于”。
6.We are late,_____, we are lost.
A. however B. as a matter of fact C. nevertheless D. moreover
答案:D
解析:moreover ,副词,“而且”。as a matter of fact 是固定搭配,意为“事实上”,如“As a matter of fact, I don't care.”。nevertheless,副词,“然而”。
7.The great bridge was named_____ its designer.
A. of B. with C. after D. from
答案:C
解析:name是动词,“取名”。name after意为“以——命名”。
8.The train_____ about three hours late.
A. pulled B. pulled down C. pulled on D. pulled out
答案:D
解析:pull,动词,“拖、拉”,与push(推)是一组反义词,在门的两边写的就是这两个动词。pull down,“拆毁、拉倒”; pull on,“穿上”; pull out,“(车、船等)驶出”。
9.You will never guess whom I ____ on the street yesterday.
A. ran over B. ran out of C. ran into D. ran up to
答案:C
解析:run over ,“压过、碾过”。run out of,“用尽”,如“ We have run out of petrol(汽油)” run into ,“撞见、偶然遇见”。run up to,“径直走到、跑到”。
10.I think I turned off the light but I'll go back and _____.
A. be sure B. make sure C. feel sure D. be certain
答案:B
解析:sure,形容词,“确信”,用法较多。 be sure常用于句首引导一个祈使句,意思是“别忘了”,如“ Be sure to set the alarm clock ”。make sure的意思是“检验”,“确保”,下面就第二个意项举例:“ Make sure you get here before 8.”。 certain也可表示“确信、肯定的”意思,与sure的区别在于:可以有“He's certain/sure to come. ”、“I'm certain/sure he'll come. ”,但只能是“It is certain that he'll come.”。
11.______ the birth-control policy, the growth of population has slowed down.
A. Thank B. Thanking C. With thanks to D. Thanks to
答案:D
解析:thanks to,“由于”,相当于because of或 due to.有时带有讽刺的意味,如“We lost the game thanks to your stupidity(愚蠢).”
12.I wouldn't trust ______ that.
A. him in doing B. to him in doing C. him to do D. to him to do
答案:C
解析:trust,动词,“信任、委托”,常用trust+ obj.、trust in/to+ obj.、trust+that、trust+ obj.+ to do,如“She trusted to luck instead of studying for the test.”。也可作名词,不可数。
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13.Her speech touched _____ the issue of employee benefits.
A. / B. with C. on D. up
答案:C
解析:touch on,“涉及”、“提到”。
14.It_____ that the mysterious visitor was an old friend of my grandmother.
A. turned up B. turned off C. turned on D. turned out
答案:D
解析:turn up,“出现”,如“ Did the lost ring ever turn up? .Turn off,”关闭“、”拐弯“,如” to turn off the highway and take the local road “。turn on:”打开“。 turn out,”原来“,表示以前不知道后来发现是,常用 turn out to和题中的句型,如” He turned out to be a friend.“。
15.Please give me five pounds'______ of this chocolate.
A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. value
答案:A
解析:worth,名词,“价值”。也可作介词,常用be worth doing/be worth+ obj..worthy ,形容词,“有价值的”,常用worthy of +obj.,如“ an effort worthy of praise”。 Worthwhile,形容词,“值得的”。
16.I ______ the telephone and wrote down the message.
A. hanged up B. hung up C. hanged D. hung
答案:B
解析:hang有两种过去时和过去分词形式,当表示“绞死”的意思时,过去时和过去分词为 hanged、 hanged,当表示其它意项时会别是hung、hung.hang up的意思是“挂断电话”,所以这里选B.
17.The government will not _____ the severest measures against the terrorists.
A. hesitate taking B. hesitate to take C. hesitate in taking D. hesitate take
答案:B
解析:hesitate,动词,意为“犹豫”,不及物,通常用hesitate to do.如“ If you need any help, don't hesitate to ask me .”其名词形式是hesitation ,另有hesitatingly,副词。
18.Too many people are indifferent _____ others' troubles.
A. with B. to C. of D. about
答案:B
解析:indifferent,形容词,“漠然的、冷淡的”,常用indifferent to. 19.This brand(品牌)of dog food is a bit expensive, but it is really_____ the others. A. superior to B. inferior to C. superior with D. inferior with
答案:A
解析:superior,形容词,“高级的”、“高层的”、“优越的”,也看作名词,指“上级”。名词形式是superiority.其反义词是 inferior,名词是inferiority.
20.If you cheat, you will be found out _______.
A. by and by B. step by step C. sooner or later D. off and on
答案:C
解析:by and by和 step and step都表示“逐渐”的意思,其中后者更强调“一步一步地”。 sooner or later的意思是“迟早”。 off and on也可写成 on and off ,意思是“不时地、断断续续地”,如“The light was flashing on and off.”。
成人英语三级考试词汇与语法解题技巧
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