out city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Third, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submission of information to do \ng, send and read faster approval and feedback to implement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is the life of the information. Accuracy is primarily qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of publicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit information to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On the negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, newspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and skimming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek practical results. Adhere to people-oriented, the most important thing is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We carry out inspection, so must go deep among the masses, go deep into the realities, always pay attention to the people's livelihood, to grasp the public sentiment, and earnestly safeguard the benefit, addressing the masses are most concerned about and reflecting the strongest issues, efforts to solve the problem of decisions implemented and not implemented. One is to stick to principles. Right of inspection is one of the most important powers of the Office, should not only dare to use, but also with caution. So-called dared to use, is to hold a number of important issues, bold supervision over supervision, track inspection, problems are not solved do not pass, the blame does not hold did not miss, dissatisfaction of the masses did not miss, the real right of supervision authority, with the benefits. Call with caution, is supervising departments should strengthen the consciousness of authorized strictly according to procedure, preventing the supervision and excessive to prevent adding burden to grass-roots. To this end, the supervision Department of the Party Committee of supervision must be under city and County party Committee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the Governor, those related to the globalEvent, Governor the protracted difficult, strong Governor during emergency urgent. Not having special departments in charge of the General Governor, under the normal procedure can do good things not Governor, not authorized by County leaders, not the Governor. Third is to solvethe problem. The purpose of supervision, to resolve the problem. To adhere to and further improve the本章我们将讨论数组，字符串和指针。这三者看起来是相互独立的，其实不然。在C++中，在C++中它们是相关关联的。对其中一个得了解会帮助我们对另外两个的认识。
数组就是一组有着相同类型的变量的集合，它们共有一个名称。数组可以使一维的或者是多维的，但一维数组是最常用的。数组提供了一种创建一组相关变量的便捷方式。
最常用的数组可能就是字符数组了，因为我们可以用它来存储字符串。C++语言中没有内置的字符串类型。因此，字符串是用过使用字符数组来实现的。这种字符串的实现方式比起语言自身明确定义字符串类型的方式显得更加自由和灵活。
指针是一种取值为内存地址的对象。通常，指针被用来访问另外一个对象的值，而另外的那个对象往往就是一个数组。实际上，指针和数组直接的联系比我们想象的还要紧密。 必备技能4.1：一维数组
一维数组就是一组相关的变量的列表。这种列表在编程中会经常用到。例如，我们可以使用一维数组来存储网络上被激活的用户的账号；可以使用数组来存储一个棒球队的击球得分率。当我们需要计算一组数值的平均值的时候，通常也是使用数组来存储这些数值。数组是现代编程的基础。 声明一个一维数组的通用形式如下： 类型 名称[大小]；
其中的类型表示数组的基本类型。数组的基本类型决定了构成数组的每个元素的类型。大小指明了数组中可以存储的元素的数量。例如，下面的语句声明了一个名称为sample的可以存储10个整型数的数组： int sample[10];
我们可以通过索引来访问数组中单独的一个元素。索引描述了一个元素在数组中的位置。在C++中，所有数组的第一个元素的索引都是0。在前面的例子中，sample数组有10个元素，那么索引的取值就是0到9。我们就是通过这种索引的方式来访问数组中的元素的。书写的方式为：我们在数组名称后面的方括号中写上要访问元素的索引值。所以，数组中的第一个元素可以表示为sample[0]，最后一个元素可以表示为sample[9]。例如，下面的程序为数组sample装载数值0到9。 #include
int sample[10]; //数组可以存储个元素 int t;
//为数组装载数据
for ( t = 0; t < 10; ++t) sample[t]=t; //输出数组的值
for( t= 0; t < 10; ++t)
cout << \ return 0; }
程序的输出如下： This is sample[0]0
eelings survey, by looking up public sentiments to find problems. Problems will increase its special supervision, set up accounts, hold on to it. We should conscientiously implement the leading contracting matters, secured, had an answer to everything, then settles rate of 100%. Have an impact on some of the outstanding issues, supervision departments and information components together, play the supervisory role of the news media to promote problem solving. Investee 3. insist on a daily run, around the practice of truth catching efficiency, focus specification. To give full play to the party Office around connecting, coordinating internal and external features, contact, rally at all levels, to motivate every aspect, adhere to the truth, strengthening standardized management to achieve coherent, efficient and effective functioning of the daily work of the Party Committee. Is processing messages should strive to streamline, standardize and quality. Streamlining is to control the number ofmessages, compress messages, reducing procedures, improve message handling efficiency. Specifications, is to strictly enforce the ban issued by the Communist party authorities in document handling regulations and provincial and municipal regulations, conscientiously strengthen and improve communications management to ensure that party documents orderly. High quality, is to improve the quality of message processing, it is necessary to accurately implementing the intention of the Party Committee, clearance, good communications, policy program closed, ensuring that there is no error. Second meeting scheduled to ensure thorough, safe and efficient. Any arrangements for the meetings and events, carefully arranged, item-by-item interface implemented, sure. o vigorously streamline meetings, activities, number of pressure reduction, scale to ensure that leadership emerged from the General Conference and entertainment services, focus on big things, matters. Third, reception services should lay stress on humane, personal, cultural and human. Reception and work directly with people, reception services directly affecting the Office of party Committee The image of the region. At the same time strengthening the construction of library, improve the reception conditions, more human-oriented, personal, cultural work into the reception, a little more human needs, a little more human care more humane atmosphere, and constantly improve the service, improve the quality of service. Meanwhile, to further pay special attention to the daily work of the other Office System. Confidential work responsibility system for leading cadres to implement security as a leader, to improve the confidentiality of classified personnel, especially leading cadres, strengthening party and Government focus on vital sectors of security management, to advance privacy management standardization, modernization of security techniques as a means of administration according to law and securityenforcement, ensure the safety of the party and State secrets. Confidential work to meet the demands of new technology developmentout city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Third, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submission of information to do \ng, send and read faster approval and feedback to implement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is the life of the information. Accuracy is primarily qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of publicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit information to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On the negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, newspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and skimming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek practical results. Adhere to people-oriented, the most important thing is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We carry out inspection, so must go deep among the masses, go deep into the realities, always pay attention to the people's livelihood, to grasp the public sentiment, and earnestly safeguard the benefit, addressing the masses are most concerned about and reflecting the strongest issues, efforts to solve the problem of decisions implemented and not implemented. One is to stick to principles. Right of inspection is one of the most important powers of the Office, should notonly dare to use, but also with caution. So-called dared to use, is to hold a number of important issues, bold supervision over supervision, track inspection, problems are not solved do not pass, the blame does not hold did not miss, dissatisfaction of the masses did not miss, the real right of supervision authority, with the benefits. Call with caution, is supervising departments should strengthen the consciousness of authorized strictly according to procedure, preventing the supervision and excessive to prevent adding burden to grass-roots. To this end, the supervision Department of the Party Committee of supervision must be under city and County party Committee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the Governor, those related to the globalEvent, Governor the protracted difficult, strong Governor during emergency urgent. Not having special departments in charge of the General Governor, under the normal procedure can do good things not Governor, not authorized by County leaders, not the Governor. Third is to solvethe problem. The purpose of supervision, to resolve the problem. To adhere to and further improve theThis is sample[1]1 This is sample[2]2 This is sample[3]3 This is sample[4]4 This is sample[5]5 This is sample[6]6 This is sample[7]7 This is sample[8]8 This is sample[9]9
在C++中，所有数组都是有连续的内存空间构成。（也就说，所有数组中的元素在内存位置上是紧密相连的。）其中最低的地址对应的就是第一个元素，最高的地址对应的就是最后一个元素。例如，下面的代码段运行后： int num[5]; int i;
for ( i = 0; i < 5; i++) nums[i]=i; 数组nums的存储形式如下：
num[0] num[1] num[2] num[3] num[4] 0 1 2 3 4
数组之所以在编程中会被经常用到就是因为它允许我们方便地对一组相关的变量进行处理。下面的示例程序中，我们创建了一个含有10个元素的数组，并给每个元素赋值。程序然后计算这些数值的平均值，找出其中的最大值和最小值。 /*
计算一组数值的平均值；找出其中的最大值和最小值 */
#include
int i,avg, min_val,max_val; int nums[10]; nums[0]=10; nums[1]=18; nums[2]=75; nums[3]=0; nums[4]=1; nums[5]=56; nums[6]=100; nums[7]=12; nums[8]=-19; nums[9]=88;
eelings survey, by looking up public sentiments to find problems. Problems will increase its special supervision, set up accounts, hold on to it. We should conscientiously implement the leading contracting matters, secured, had an answer to everything, then settles rate of 100%. Have an impact on some of the outstanding issues, supervision departments and information components together, play the supervisory role of the news media to promote problem solving. Investee 3. insist on a daily run, around the practice of truth catching efficiency, focus specification. To give full play to the party Office around connecting, coordinating internal and external features, contact, rally at all levels, to motivate every aspect, adhere to the truth, strengthening standardized management to achieve coherent, efficient and effective functioning of the daily work of the Party Committee. Is processing messages should strive to streamline, standardize and quality. Streamlining is to control the number ofmessages, compress messages, reducing procedures, improve message handling efficiency. Specifications, is to strictly enforce the ban issued by the Communist party authorities in document handling regulations and provincial and municipal regulations, conscientiously strengthen and improve communications management to ensure that party documents orderly. High quality, is to improve the quality of message processing, it is necessary to accurately implementing the intention of the Party Committee, clearance, good communications, policy program closed, ensuring that there is no error. Second meeting scheduled to ensure thorough, safe and efficient. Any arrangements for the meetings and events, carefully arranged, item-by-item interface implemented, sure. o vigorously streamline meetings, activities, number of pressure reduction, scale to ensure that leadership emerged from the General Conference and entertainment services, focus on big things, matters. Third, reception services should lay stress on humane, personal, cultural and human. Reception and work directly with people, reception services directly affecting the Office of party Committee The image of the region. At the same time strengthening the construction of library, improve the reception conditions, more human-oriented, personal, cultural work into the reception, a little more human needs, a little more human care more humane atmosphere, and constantly improve the service, improve the quality of service. Meanwhile, to further pay special attention to the daily work of the other Office System. Confidential work responsibility system for leading cadres to implement security as a leader, to improve the confidentiality of classified personnel, especially leading cadres, strengthening party and Government focus on vital sectors of security management, to advance privacy management standardization, modernization of security techniques as a means of administration according to law and securityenforcement, ensure the safety of the party and State secrets. Confidential work to meet the demands of new technology developmentout city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Third, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submission of information to do \ng, send and read faster approval and feedback to implement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is the life of the information. Accuracy is primarily qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of publicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit information to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On the negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, newspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and skimming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek practical results. Adhere to people-oriented, the most important thing is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We carry out inspection, so must go deep among the masses, go deep into the realities, always pay attention to the people's livelihood, to grasp the public sentiment, and earnestly safeguard the benefit, addressing the masses are most concerned about and reflecting the strongest issues, efforts to solve the problem of decisions implemented and not implemented. One is to stick to principles. Right of inspection is one of the most important powers of the Office, should not only dare to use, but also with caution. So-called dared to use, is to hold a number of important issues, bold supervision over supervision, track inspection, problems are not solved do not pass, the blame does not hold did not miss, dissatisfaction of the masses did not miss, the real right of supervision authority, with the benefits. Call with caution, is supervising departments should strengthen the consciousness of authorized strictly according to procedure, preventing the supervision and excessive to prevent adding burden to grass-roots. To this end, the supervision Department of the Party Committee of supervision must be under city and County party Committee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the Governor, those related to the globalEvent, Governor the protracted difficult, strong Governor during emergency urgent. Not having special departments in charge of the General Governor, under the normal procedure can do good things not Governor, not authorized by County leaders, not the Governor. Third is to solvethe problem. The purpose of supervision, to resolve the problem. To adhere to and further improve the //计算平均值 avg = 0;
for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) avg += nums[i]; avg /= 10;
cout << \ //找出最大值和最小值
min_val = max_val = nums[0]; for ( i = 1; i < 10; i++ ) {
if ( nums[i] < min_val ) min_val = nums[i]; if ( nums[i] > max_val ) max_val = nums[i]; }
cout << \ cout << \ return 0; }
程序输出如下： Average is 34 Minimum value: -19 Maximum value: 100
请注意程序中是如何通过循环来访问数组中的元素的。正如程序所展示的那样，for循环的控制变量被用来作为数组的索引。当我们使用数组的时候，类似这样的循环是非常普遍的。
我们应该注意一点：在C++中我们不能把一个数组赋值给另外的一个数组。例如，下面的代码片段是错误的： int a[10], b[10]; //...
a = b; //错误
为了把一个数组中的值赋值给另外一个数组，我们必须对数组中的元素逐个进行赋值。如下： for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) a[i]=b[i]; 不进行边界检测
C++不对数组的边界进行检测。这就是说C++不会阻止我们对数组的越界访问。换句话说，我们可以对大小为N的数组通过大于N值的索引来进行访问，而不会引起任何的编译或者运行错误信息。但是这样做通常都会给程序带来灾难性的后果。例如，尽管在下面的代码片段中，我们越界访问了数组crash，但是编译器依然可以编译并运行这段程序，而不产生任何的错误报告信息。 专家答疑:
问：既然对数组的越界访问可能带来灾难性的后果，为什么C++在进行数组操作的时候不进行边界
eelings survey, by looking up public sentiments to find problems. Problems will increase its special supervision, set up accounts, hold on to it. We should conscientiously implement the leading contracting matters, secured, had an answer to everything, then settles rate of 100%. Have an impact on some of the outstanding issues, supervision departments and information components together, play the supervisory role of the news media to promote problem solving. Investee 3. insist on a daily run, around the practice of truth catching efficiency, focus specification. To give full play to the party Office around connecting, coordinating internal and external features, contact, rally at all levels, to motivate every aspect, adhere to the truth, strengthening standardized management to achieve coherent, efficient and effective functioning of the daily work of the Party Committee. Is processing messages should strive to streamline, standardize and quality. Streamlining is to control the number ofmessages, compress messages, reducing procedures, improve message handling efficiency. Specifications, is to strictly enforce the ban issued by the Communist party authorities in document handling regulations and provincial and municipal regulations, conscientiously strengthen and improve communications management to ensure that party documents orderly. High quality, is to improve the quality of message processing, it is necessary to accurately implementing the intention of the Party Committee, clearance, good communications, policy program closed, ensuring that there is no error. Second meeting scheduled to ensure thorough, safe and efficient. Any arrangements for the meetings and events, carefully arranged, item-by-item interface implemented, sure. o vigorously streamline meetings, activities, number of pressure reduction, scale to ensure that leadership emerged from the General Conference and entertainment services, focus on big things, matters. Third, reception services should lay stress on humane, personal, cultural and human. Reception and work directly with people, reception services directly affecting the Office of party Committee The image of the region. At the same time strengthening the construction of library, improve the reception conditions, more human-oriented, personal, cultural work into the reception, a little more human needs, a little more human care more humane atmosphere, and constantly improve the service, improve the quality of service. Meanwhile, to further pay special attention to the daily work of the other Office System. Confidential work responsibility system for leading cadres to implement security as a leader, to improve the confidentiality of classified personnel, especially leading cadres, strengthening party and Government focus on vital sectors of security management, to advance privacy management standardization, modernization of security techniques as a means of administration according to law and securityenforcement, ensure the safety of the party and State secrets. Confidential work to meet the demands of new technology development
C++初学者入门指南第四篇
