literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel.
3. Samuel Johnson—poet, critic, essayist, lexicographer, editor. （1）Life: a.studies at Oxford;
b.made a living by writing and translating; c.the great cham of literature.
（2） works: poem （The Vanity of Human Wishes, London）; criticism （The Lives of great Poets）; preface. （3） The champion of neoclassical ideas. III.Literature of Satire: Jonathan Swift. 1.Life:
（1）born in Ireland;
（2）studies at Trinity College; （3）worked as a secretary;
（4）the chief editor of The Examiner; （5）the Dean of St. Patrick's in Dublin.
2. Works: The Battle of Books, A Tale of a Tub, A Modest Proposal, Gulliver's Travels. 3. Gulliver's Travels.
Part I. Satire—the Whig and the Tories, Anglican Church and Catholic Church.
Part II. Satire—the legal system; condemnation of war. Part III. Satire—ridiculous scientific experiment. Part IV. Satire—mankind.
IV.English Novels of Realistic tradition. 1. The Rise of novels.
（1）Early forms: folk tale – fables – myths – epic – poetry – romances – fabliaux – novelle - imaginative nature of their material. （imaginative narrative）
（2）The rise of the novel
a.picaresque novel in Spain and England （16th century）: Of or relating to a genre of prose fiction that originated in Spain and depicts in realistic detail the adventures of a roguish hero, often with satiric or humorous effects.
b.Sidney: Arcadia.
c. Addison and Steele: The Spectator. （plot and characterization and realism） （3） novel and drama （17the century）
2. Daniel Defoe—novelist, poet, pamphleteer, publisher, merchant, journalist.） （1）Life: a.business career; b.writing career;
c.interested in politics. （2） Robinson Cusoe. a. the story.
b. the significance of the character. c. the features of his novels. d. the style of language. 3. Henry Fielding—novelist. （1）Life:
a.unsuccessful dramatic career; b.legal career; writing career. （2） works. （3） Tom Jones. a.the plot;
b.characters: Tom, Blifil, Sophia; c.significance.
（4） the theory of realism. （5） the style of language. V. Writers of Sentimentalism. 1. Introduction
2. Samuel Richardson—novelist, moralist concerned with the morals of others.） （1）Life:
One who is unduly （
a.printer book seller; b.letter writer.
（2） Pamela, Virtue Rewarded. a.the story b.the significance
Pamela was a new thing in these ways:
a） It discarded the ―improbable and marvelous‖ accomplishments of the former heroic romances, and pictured the life and love of ordinary people. b） Its intension was to afford not merely entertainment but also moral instruction.
c） It described not only the sayings and doings of characters but their also their secret thoughts and feelings. It was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.
3. Oliver Goldsmith—poet and novelist. A. Life: a.born in Ireland;
b.a singer and tale-teller, a life of vagabondage; c.bookseller; d.the Literary Club; e.a miserable life;
f. the most lovable character in English literature. B. The Vicar of Wakefield.
a.story; b.the signicance.
VI.English Drama of the 18th century 1. The decline of the drama 2. Richard Brinsley Sheriden A. life.
B. works: Rivals, The School for Scandals. C. significance of his plays.
a. The Rivals and The School for Scandal are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English comedy.
b. In his plays, morality is the constant theme. He is much concerned with the current moral issues and lashes harshly at the social vices of the day. c. Sheridan's greatness also lies in his theatrical art. He seems to have inherited from his parents a natural ability and inborn knowledge about the theatre. His plays are the product of a dramatic genius as well as of a well-versed theatrical man.
d. His plots are well-organized, his characters, either major or minor, are all sharply drawn, and his manipulation of such devices as disguise, mistaken identity and dramatic irony is masterly. Witty dialogues and neat and decent language also make a characteristic of his plays. Chapter 6 English Literature of the Romantic Age I.Introduction
刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记（免费）
