Communication Workshop
一、单词拼写
1Under no c are you to leave the house. 答案circumstances 2The boys e themselves with food and water,and set off. 答案equipped 3There is growing c about the effects of pollution on health. 答案concern 4All the papers must be s by Monday. 答案submitted 5The disaster r him of his left leg.
答案robbed 二、选择合适的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空
point out bring back to cure scientific basis reverse —I read an article in the paper about freezing people when they die of a disease,and then,years later,when we’ve found a 1. for the disease,we could wake them up and cure them.Will that be possible?
—No,I’m afraid not.I’d like to 2. that while there are some firms that do this and charge a fortune to keep the bodies frozen,unfortunately there’s no 3. behind it.The important thing to remember is that we can change processes,but we can’t 4. them.There is no way in which we could 5. life all the cells of a dead body.It would be like trying to change a hamburger back into a cow. 答案1.cure 2.point out 3.scientific basis 4.reverse 5.bring back to 三、完成句子
1他的健康(状况)最近开始衰退。
His health has recently. 答案begun to decline 2我们的实验室装备精良。
Our laboratory is . 答案well equipped 3在任何情况下我们都不能同意这一原则。
can we agree to such a principle. 答案Under no circumstances 4你投了他的赞成票还是反对票?
Did you him? 答案vote for or against 5情况很快恢复了正常。
Things soon . 答案returned to normal 6他们声称同情穷人,我对此相当怀疑。
I am rather their professed sympathy for the poor. 答案sceptical about 7她关注社会福利问题。
She social welfare. 答案concerns herself about 8许多年轻人去国外寻找成功的机会。
Many young people went abroad to . 答案seek their fortune 四、阅读理解
A
Here is an astonishing and significant fact:Mental work alone can’t make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago,scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳).To the amazement of these scientists,they discovered that blood passing through the brain,when it is active,shows no fatigue at all!If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer,we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein,it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned,it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.One of England’s most outstanding scientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr.Brill,a famous American scientist,goes even further.He declares,“One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!A feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself
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seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
1What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood. B.Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn out after a day’s work. C.The brain could work for many hours without fatigue. D.A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“To the amazement of these scientists,they...no fatigue at all!”可知,令这些科学家们惊讶的是,大脑活跃时流经大脑的血液并没有表现出疲劳,故C项正确。A项与“If we took a drop of blood...and fatigue products.”意思表达相反,故排除;第一段最后一句指出在一天结束的时候,脑力劳动者的大脑血液中没有疲劳因素,这不是科学家们的惊讶之处,且与D项意思不一致,故排除B、D两项。 答案C 2According to the author,which of the following can make sitting workers tired? A.Challenging mental work. B.Unpleasant emotions. C.Endless tasks. D.Physical labor.
解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是情感问题,最后一段指出了是哪些情感,故B项正确。 答案B 3What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ ideas?
A.He agrees with them. B.He doubts them.
C.He argues against them.
D.He hesitates to accept them. 解析推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家的研究成果,作者对此进行了进一步的分析、论证,对情感态度导致人疲劳的观点持肯定态度,并未对此进行质疑,故A项正确。 答案A 4We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic,sitting workers need to . A.have some good food B.enjoy their work C.exercise regularly D.discover fatigue toxins
解析推理判断题。根据最后两段的叙述可知,心理和情感态度是导致脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因,因而保持好的心理状态才会感觉精力充沛;B项意为“喜欢他们的工作”,符合文意,这就避免了导致疲劳的烦躁、气愤等情感。其余几项都与导致疲劳的因素无关,故排除。 答案B
B
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(导学号59260025) Some obese children and adults who eat excessively(过度地) may be missing a gene for a brain chemical involved in controlling appetite,according to a study.Low levels of the chemical are also linked to long-term memory loss and difficulties in sensing pain.
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health examined 33 children and adults with a rare condition in which groups of genes have been deleted.Called WAGR syndrome,the genetic aberration(反常现象) is found in about 250 people in the USA.
Half of the people studied lacked one of two genes for a brain chemical called brain-derived neurotropic factor(BDNF).The ones missing the gene had low blood levels of the chemical.By age 10,all of those missing the gene were obese and reported a strong tendency to overeat.Those who had two working copies of the BDNF gene were no more likely to be obese in childhood or to report unusually high levels of overeating than the general population.
Scientists suspected that people within the group had abnormalities with the gene,and they believed a larger segment(部分) of the population had the same problem.
The missing gene may explain why some people can’t seem to control their eating or lose weight,says Jack Yanovski,head of the Unit on Growth and Obesity at NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
“We suspect that BDNF has important issues in many parts of the brain,including memory and ability to sense pain,”he says.
Yanovski says the brain chemical works in combination with other chemicals in the body,including the hormone leptin(瘦蛋白),to regulate appetite and body weight.More research needs to be done so scientists can develop obesity drugs to treat people who don’t make enough BDNF,he says.
“BDNF is just a small part of the puzzle explaining why some folks have trouble maintaining a normal weight.”
5BDNF is a kind of chemical which lies in the .
A.blood B.hormone C.brain D.diet
解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“lacked one of two genes,for a brain chemical called brain-derived neurotropic factor(BDNF)”可知,这种化学物质存在于大脑中,故选C项。 答案C 6According to the passage,the role of the BDNF gene is to .
A.improve people’s ability of memory B.control people’s desire to eat
C.make people become sensitive to pain D.help people lose weight quickly
解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“Some obese children and adults who eat excessively may be missing a gene for a brain chemical involved in controlling appetite”和第三段的第二、三句可以看出一些人吃得过多是因为缺少一种基因,该基因控制是否在大脑中生成控制食欲的化合物。因此选B项。
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答案B 7Scientists study BDNF in order to .
A.make medicine to cure overweight people
B.explain why people have the sense of hunger
C.keep people from suffering from high blood pressure D.control the activity of brains of overweight people
解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“so scientists can develop obesity drugs to treat people who don’t make enough BDNF”可知,科学家们研究这种物质的目的是开发一些药物来解决人们的肥胖问题。故答案为A项。 答案A 8What’s the main idea of this passage?
A.Missing genes may hurt appetite control. B.Overweight people eat too much junk food. C.Your weight is decided by your genes. D.One’s appetite leads to one’s weight.
解析主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了某种控制大脑生成化合物进而可以控制人们食欲的基因,研究表明它的缺失造成了人们对食欲无法控制,从而引发了肥胖问题。故答案为A项。 答案A
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2017-2024学年高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology Communicatio
