2019届高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解词义猜测题专练（一）猜测词义
类
(2017·甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷)
In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom they haven't heard for a while. The first is about New Year greetings, which are always welcome. The second reason is often unpleasant, however; people are increasingly contacting long-lost friends, or even casual acquaintances, and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in competitions.
The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point where people are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed.
The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East China's Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range from the “cutest baby” to dancing competitions, but in many cases the people receiving the messages haven't heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved.
Although the competitions may appear to be harmless fun, some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children.
Tang Sulan, a member of the CPPCC's National Committee (全国政协委员会), proposed a ban on online competitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues. She was also concerned that public disclosure of a child's personal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the child's safety.
Li Hongyan, the mother of an 11-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy in Beijing, said she has never urged others to vote for her children. Although on the surface the children are competing among themselves via their parents' social networks, the competitions are also about parents seeking a “sense of victory” for themselves, she said. “It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves, rather than truly respecting their kids' dignity and nature.” However, despite her dislike of the contests, she has twice voted for the babies of close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”．
体裁：议论文 题材：社会文化 主题：网上拉票
【语篇导读】 本文介绍了最近社会上常见的一种现象，有些家长为了给孩子在网上拉票，可谓不择手段，甚至要求不常联系的朋友和不熟悉的朋友投票。这种现象已让越来越多的人感到厌烦和恼怒。文章通过《金华晚报》对这一现象的调查进行了分析。
1．What is the best title for the text? A．Receiving Messages: An Unhappy Experience B．To Say No: An Embarrassing Experience C．A Dilemma: Vote or Not
D．Child's Safety and Casting Votes Online
解析：C 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，一些专家提到这种现象会对孩子产生消极的影响，但最后一段谈到如果你拒绝朋友的投票要求，会非常尴尬。因此，“投还是不投？”是一个进退两难的困境。故选C项。
2．What does the underlined word “disclosure” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Exposure. B．Concern. C．Reputation. D．Competition.
解析：A 词义猜测题。这里表达的意思是：一名政协委员担心公开曝光孩子的个人信息和照片会对孩子的安全造成潜在的风险。根据词根closure(关闭；倒闭；暂时封闭)，再结合前缀dis-(表示相反或否定)及语境可猜测出，disclosure意思是“透露的信息；披露”，与exposure“揭露；暴露”意义相近。故选A项。
3．What can be inferred from Li Hongyan's words?
A．Her children don't want to join in those online competitions. B．She urges people to vote for the babies of her close friends. C．She agrees to bring the children to their parents' social networks. D．She opposes the idea of parents seeking votes for children.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句．.. never urged others to vote for her children.和最后一句However, despite her dislike of the contests...可知，李红艳反对父母给孩子拉选票这种现象。故选D项。
B
(2017·贵州省普通高等学校招生适应性考试)
When I was in college, I spent a semester studying abroad at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. In my brief time there, I came to love Scotland for its local culture, food and scenery.
You might think, “Scotland isn't so different from the US; they still speak English there！” But when I stepped off the plane, I was greeted by a gruff-voiced (声音粗哑的) lady at customs. “You'll be coming from America, then？” She asked
me, and I nodded. “But all of our guys are leaving Glasgow for the States！” Her thick Scottish English and sense of humor were obvious right away. I was not in the US any more, where customs agents never joke around.
As I settled in at the university, I could feel myself getting used to hearing — and even speaking — the Scottish English of my customs agent. In classroom discussions, people would say “em” when they couldn't think of what to say instead of “um”， which was great fun. After the first few weeks, I stopped chuckling about this. Strathclyde students stayed up late into the night, running around campus and shouting, “Go! Lat's go, lat's go, lat's go (curse word) Glasgow！” Pretty soon, I was no longer saying “thanks” at the supermarket — instead, I said “cheers”．
My Scottish friends drank whiskey and ate haggis (羊杂碎布丁). I drank plenty of whiskey but I was ashamed to admit that I wasn't brave enough to try haggis. Scottish bakeries usually sell bridies (肉馅饼). Add a cup of tea — though I usually Americanized it by choosing coffee instead — and a bridie makes for a delicious breakfast.
Every time I took a train anywhere in Scotland, I'd gaze out at the rolling hills and wonder if grass was greener than anywhere else in the world. Then I'd reflect that there's a reason this country was the birthplace of golf.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了“我”在苏格兰学习期间的体验：居民友好，食物独特，景色优美，苏格兰英语与美式英语有区别。
【难句分析】 In classroom discussions, people would say “em” when they couldn't think of what to say instead of “um”， which was great fun.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中when they couldn't think of what to say instead of “um”为when引导的时间状语从句；句中 which was great fun为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
译文：在教室里讨论时，当想不起来要说什么时，他们总是说“em”而不是“um”，这真的很有趣。
4．What did the author think of the lady at customs? A．Impolite. B．Friendly. C．Serious. D．Calm.
解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Her thick Scottish English and sense of humor were obvious right away. I was not in the US any more, where customs agents never joke around”可知，作者认为她的苏格兰英语和幽默用得恰到好处，而美国的海关工作人员却从来不跟人开玩笑；据此可推断，作者认为这位在海关工作的女士是友好的，故
B项正确。
5．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “chuckling” in Paragraph 3?
A．Talking loudly. B．Comparing. C．Laughing quietly. D．Hearing.
解析：C 考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“In classroom discussions, people would say... was great fun. After the first few weeks, I stopped chuckling about this”并结合“Pretty soon, I．.. said ‘cheers’”可推知，在教室讨论时，“我”发现他们的发音很有趣，几周后，“我”适应了他们的发音，所以不再偷笑。故画线词意为“偷笑”，C项正确。
6．What is the author's purpose of writing the text? A．To explain why Scotland is famous for golf.
B．To promote the development of Scottish catering trade. C．To introduce different pronunciations of “em” and “um”． D．To share his experiences in Scotland as an exchange student.
解析：D 考查目的意图。通读全文并结合第一段中的“In my brief time there, I came to love Scotland for its local culture, food and scenery”可知，本文旨在和读者分享“我”在苏格兰做交换生期间所感受到的苏格兰文化、美食和美景，故D项正确。
C
(2017·湖南长沙高三年级统一模拟)
A new study by the British government has discovered the mental health of the country's teenage girls has become worse.
The survey, which included 30,000 14-year-old students in 2005 and 2014, showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress, up from 34 percent in 2005. British boys' stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period, from 17 percent to 15 perecent.
The report's authors pointed out the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls.
“The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical, cognitive (认知的) and emotional development，” Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, wrote in a recent blog post. “Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to become competent (有能力的) adults. In the past, they would engage with parents, teachers and other adults in their community as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that
list of social and emotional development.”
Throughout adolescence, girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and self-control. Since teenage brains have not completely developed, teens don't have the cognitive awareness and impulse (冲动) control to keep from posting inappropriate content. Furthermore, this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences.
Social media can also feed into girls' insecurities about their appearance, Ramsden said. These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person. However, these images and the messages tied to them gradually become societal standards.
【解题导语】 一项新研究发现，英国少女的心理健康状况变得更糟；分析表明，社交媒体时代的到来可能是造成英国少女心理压力加大的主要因素。
【难句分析】 The report's authors pointed out the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls.
分析：该句为主从复合句，句中the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls为省略了that的宾语从句，作动词短语pointed out的宾语。
译文：报告的作者指出，“社交媒体时代的到来”可能是造成英国少女心理压力增加的主要因素。
7．The statistics in the second paragraph show that ________. A．more and more children in Britain have mental health problems B．few girls in Britain suffered from psychological stress in 2005 C．more boys in Britain are suffering from mental pressure now D．more British girls feel psychologically stressed than boys do now 解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第二段的第一句可知，调查显示，2014年37%的英国少女有心理压力，而2005年只有34%；根据第二段的第二句可知，同期调查显示，英国少年有心理压力是从2005年的17%降到2014年的15%。据此可以判断，英国少女有心理压力的比少年多，故D项正确。
8．Contrary to traditional ways of interaction, social media ________. A．helps teenagers develop qualities like confidence and self-control B．has many negative effects on girls' characteristic development C．makes teens aware of potential danger of the inappropriate content D．teaches girls to care about their appearance to meet societal standards
解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第五段的最后一句“Furthermore, this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences”和最后一段第一句的“Social media can also feed into girls' insecurities about their appearance”可知，由于青少年的思想还不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒体对英国少女的心理健康和她们对外表美丑的判断产生了消极的影响。故B项正确。
干扰项分析：根据第五段的第一句可知，A项与文意不符；根据第五段的第二句可知C项错误；根据最后一段的第一句可知D项与文意不符。
9．The underlined word “advent” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”． A．arrival B．end C．disappearance D．invention
解析：A 考查词义猜测。结合该段内容和下文关于传统交流方式和社交媒体的比较可知，报告的作者指出，“社交媒体时代的到来”可能是造成英国少女心理压力增加的主要因素。据此可知，画线词意为“到来”，故A项正确。
干扰项分析：B项意为“结束”，C项意为“消失”，D项意为“发明”，都与语境不符。
2019届高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解词义猜测题专练（一）猜测词义类
