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专题12 名词性从句(专题)-2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

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【2017年高考考纲解读】

名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目,主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现,连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外,在同位语从句中,经常考查that的用法。除此之外,其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。

【重点、难点剖析】 一、几种易混的从句的辨别

定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似,下面提供一些区分的方法: 1.定语从句与同位语从句

定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系;而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分,可指物或人;而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。请比较:

(1)The news (that/which) he told us was exciting. (定语从句,that/which在从句中作宾语,还可以被省略) (2)The news that our team has won is exciting.

(同位语从句,that从句是说明news的内容的,that在从句中不作任何成分,但不能被省略)

辨析

判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法,即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词,如果句子意思成立,则是同位语从句,否则,则是定语从句。如上面第二句,加上be动词后:

The news is that our team has won.句子意思成立,所以是同位语从句。而第一句,加上be动词后:

The news is that he told us.意思不成立,因此不是同位语从句。 【特别提醒】

一般情况下,同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面,可是有的时候,为了表达的需要,名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了,叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句,一定要根据句意,找准它所说明的名词。

2.定语从句与状语从句

请看两组句子:

第一组:区分such...as...和such...that...

(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand. (2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.

这两句话只有一词之差,但语法结构大相径庭:第一句是as引导的定语从句,as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which),在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句,that在从句中不作成分。

结论:当从句缺少句子成分时,用such...as...;当从句不缺少句子成分时,用such...that...。

第二组:选用in which, where填空

(1)He left the key ______ he had been an hour before. (2)He left the place ______ he lived for many years.

分析:第一句只能填where, where引导的是地点状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成in which,因为in which只能引导定语从句,本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。

第二句填where或in which。根据句意可知,后面的句子是对名词place的修饰,因此此句是定语从句。

二、that与what的区别

that引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何成分,that本身无意义,只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,what表示“??的东西或事情”。请比较:

What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语)

That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何成分)

The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作表语) I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句,在从句中作宾语) He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语) 精析

名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是:分析句子结构,看从句是否缺少句子成分。

如果不缺成分,就用that,如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),且表示“??的东西或事情”就用what。

三、who, whoever与no matter who的区别

引导名词性从句,在句中作主语时用who,意思是“谁”,含有疑问意味,whoever意为“无论谁”,不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who,其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。

另外,whoever还可以引导让步状语从句,这时whoever相当于no matter who,但是no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较:

1.Who has taken away my bag is unknown.

谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通) 2.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈) 3.I'm not going to let you in, no matter who you are. =I'm not going to let you in, whoever you are.

(根据句意“我不会让你进去的,不管你是谁”,后面是一个让步状语从句,故用no matter who或者whoever)

【特别提醒】

wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时,whoever=anyone who; whomever=any-one whom; whatever=anything that; whichever=anything/anyone that; whosever=any one whose。

Whichever he likes will be given to him.=Anything that he likes will be given to him.

无论他想要哪个都可以给他。

You should give the book back to whosever name(=anyone whose name) is on the cover of it.

你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。 【方法技巧】

做题时,具体思路如下:①通读全句,首先考虑是不是某种句型,如强调句型;②题干句若是疑问句,首先把它恢复为正常语序;③观察设空的前前后后,确定相关从句的性质;④确定从句性质后,回忆相关从句的用法特点,从而作出取舍;⑤注意标点符号和并列连词

(and, but)的作用;⑥将选项代入句子,看前后是否语意贯通。

【题型示例】 题型1、主语从句

【例1】【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps. A. However 【答案】C

B. Whoever

C. Whatever

D. Wherever

【变式探究】(2014·北京,33)Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.

解析 考查主语从句。句意:有些人相信,无论以前发生过什么,或者现在发生着什么,都会在未来重现。主语从句中缺少主语,用whatever做主语。

答案 whatever

【变式探究】 ________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 【答案】What

【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我想告诉你的是我对父母深沉的爱和敬意。分析句子成分可知,此处是一个主语从句,从句中tell缺宾语,根据句意应用what。

【举一反三】________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

【答案】What

【解析】考查主语从句。句意:使这本书不同寻常的是作者富有创造性的想象力。what引导主语从句,在句中作主语,符合句意。

【感悟提升】 引导词:

(1)从属连词作引导词:that, whether, if。

(2)连接代词作引导词:what, who, which, whatever, whoever。 (3)连接副词作引导词:how, when, where, why

注意:that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义,又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。

【变式探究】________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

【答案】Whichever

【解析】考查主语从句。句意:你们当中无论哪一个打破窗户都必须赔偿。此处指从“you”这一范围中作出选择,whichever引导主语从句,表示“无论哪一个”。

【变式探究】________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 【答案】What

题型2、同位语从句

【例2】【2016·天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.

A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】B

【解析】句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只是起着连接的作用。故选B。

【变式探究】(2014·重庆,12)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

—Yeah,but I have no idea he did it;that's one of his favorite universities. 解析 考查同位语从句。由题意可知:耶鲁大学是Mike最喜爱的大学之一,可他却拒绝入学,真不知道他为什么会这样。因此可知why为最佳答案。

答案 why

【变式探究】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

专题12 名词性从句(专题)-2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

【2017年高考考纲解读】名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目,主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现,连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外,在同位语从句中,经常考查that的用法。除此之外,其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。【重点、难点剖析】一、几种易混的从句的辨别定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时
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