【英语】高考英语语法填空及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语语法填空
1.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 New Year's Eve is the last day of the year. It is always an exciting time because people look forward to ________(welcome) a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbye to the old year. New Year's Eve is a ________(nation) holiday for many people around the world. In a lot of countries , people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so usually the trains and buses________(pack) with people. In England, there is always a New Year's Eve party, ________ is usually held at someone's home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors. The living room becomes a mini disco as everyone dances________ loud music.
I have lots of good ________(memory) of New Year's Eve . I once spent one freezing New Year's Eve in Trafalgar Square in the center of London. It snowed and was ________(bitter) cold . I also spent many wonderful New Year's Eves in Japan. There, it is a tradition________(visit) a shrine(圣坛)and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Year's Eve is always ________exciting day. Maybe the last way to welcome the New Year ________(be)watching amazing fireworks displays in the world's cities.
【答案】 welcoming;national;are packed;which;to;memories;bitterly;to visit;an;is
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,对世界各地的许多人来说,除夕是国家的假日。作者回忆了除夕的许多美好记忆。
(1)考查非谓语动词。句意:这总是一个令人兴奋的时刻,因为人们期待着迎接新的一年。look forward to固定短语,“期待”,to是介词,后面接动名词,所以填welcoming。 (2)考查形容词。句意:对世界各地的许多人来说,除夕是国家的假日。该空修饰名词holiday,用形容词,所以填national。
(3)考查时态语态。句意:在很多国家,人们会回老家过年,所以通常火车和公共汽车上都挤满了人。描述经常或反复发生的动作,用一般现在时。\火车和公共汽车\与\挤满\之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填are packed。
(4)考查定语从句。句意:在英国,人们通常在某人家里举行新年晚会,邀请朋友、家人和邻居。_________ is usually held at someone's home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors.是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是a New Year's Eve party,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故填which。
(5)考查介词。句意:客厅变成了一个迷你迪斯科舞厅,每个人都随着响亮的音乐跳舞。dance to固定短语,“随着……起舞”,故填to。
(6)考查名词。句意:我对除夕有很多美好的回忆。\美好的回忆\是复数意义,用名词复数,故填memories。
(7)考查副词。句意:天下着雪,冷得刺骨。修饰形容词cold,用副词,故填bitterly。 (8)考查非谓语动词。句意:在那里,参拜神社并祈求好运是一种传统。不定式作主语,一般用it作形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置,故填to visit。
(9)考查冠词。句意:我想无论你在哪里,除夕总是一个令人兴奋的日子。泛指\一个令
人兴奋的日子\,exciting的首字母发音是元音,所以填不定冠词an。
(10)考查时态。句意:也许迎接新年的最后一种方式是在世界各地的城市观看令人惊叹的烟花表演。描述经常或反复发生的动作,用一般现在时,所以填is。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词,形容词,时态语态,定语从句,介词,副词以及故此等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
2.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since ________ first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans ________(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found ________(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in ________(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, ________(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health ________(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are ________(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came ________ drinking bottled water, in ________ the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet ________(compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports.
【答案】 the;have found;its;environmental;smaller;effects;casually;from;which;compared
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中,研究人员估计,美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5毫米,再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。 (1)考查冠词。句意:自从1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据first可知此处用冠词the。故填the。
(2)考查时态。句意:人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since引导的时间从句要用一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知,主语是humans,故谓语动词为have found。故填have found。
(3)考查代词。句意:它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。way是名词,此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。
(4)考查形容词。句意:在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词science and technology(科学与技术)。故填environmental。
(5)考查形容词。句意:美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5毫米,再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。根据than可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填smaller。 (6)考查名词。句意:尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据the health是主语的一部分,可知此处用名词作主语,且谓语动词是are,故用可数名词复数,填effects。
(7)考查副词。句意:但研究人员强调,人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词swallowing 。故填casually。
(8)考查介词。句意:最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。come from,固定短语,“来自”。故
填from。
(9)考查定语从句。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知,先行词为drinking bottled water,指物,且作in的宾语,故此处填which。故填which。
(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子可知,the bottle itself与compare在逻辑上是被动关系。故填compared。 【点评】本题考点涉及冠词,时态,代词,形容词,名词,介词,副词,定语从句以及非谓语动词的等多个知识点的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
3.语法填空
Many of the earth's plants and animals have already________(die) out, and a hundred species become ________(endanger) every day. If nothing is done, we may find ourselves________ (lonely) on the earth.
Wild animals live in the________ (forest) which are being destroyed by people. As________ result, the animals are ________(lose) their habitats. Without the trees, the animals are short of food. And many animals are dying out because of pollution.
I suggest that measures should be taken ________(protect) wildlife. The government should keep people ________destroying forests and shut down the factories ________ pollute rivers and air, I think more wildlife reserves should also be ________(build).
【答案】 Died;endangered;alone;forests;a;losing;to protect;from;which/that;built
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,地球上的很多动、植物已经灭绝,一百个物种每天都变得濒临绝境,我们应该采取措施保护野生动植物。
(1)考查时态。句意:地球上的很多动、植物已经灭绝。根据句意可知句子用现在完成时态,故填died。
(2)考查非谓语动词。句意:一百个物种每天都变得濒临绝境。endangered为形容词化的分词形式,意为“濒临灭绝的”,故填endangered。
(3)考查形容词。句意:如果没有采取措施,我们可能发现我们自己在地球上独自存在。alone “独自的,单独的”,答案为alone。
(4)考查名词。句意:野生动物生活在被人正在毁掉的森林里。根据句意可知名词用复数形式,故答案为forests。
(5)考查冠词。as a result固定短语,“结果”,故填a。
(6)考查时态。句意:动物正在失去它们的栖息地。句子用现在进行时态,故填losing。 (7)考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式做目的状语,故填to protect。 (8)考查介词。keep sb. from doing sth.固定短语,“阻止某人做某事”,故填from。 (9)考查定语从句。句意:关闭污染河流和空气的工厂。此处factories是先行词,指物,在后面的定语从句中做主语,故填which/that。
(10)考查语态。句意:我认为还应该建立更多的野生动物保护区。根据句意可知句子用