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1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes. 2. You could have told us earlier.
3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.
4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels. 5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train. 6. They would like to have seen that film last film.
7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him. 8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.
知识难点：
某些情态动词的特殊用法： need 和dare 的两种形式的用法
need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（to do）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t（没有必要，不必）相当于don’t have to
例句： 1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.
2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn’t. 3. How dare you speak to parents like that ? 注意：
句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定?? = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。 例句：
I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die. will和would
表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做?? 例句：
1. He said that he would help us.
2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.
would可以表达“过去习惯做??”类似于“used to do” 例句：
1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.
表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…? 例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ? shall
1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议” 或“推荐” 例句：
1. Shall we start the meeting now? 2. Shall I watch TV now ?
3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?
2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺” 例句：
1. You shall take whatever you like.
2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.
在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示，意思是：“可
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能?吗?”；“?不可能?”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。
【典型例题】
1. —Do you think he will do me a favor ?
—As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.
A. might B. must C. can D. should
分析：本题考查情态动词推测性用法。 根据he is the last one to help others.（他是最不可能帮助别人的人），既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。 答案为A 2. —Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ? —I think it ___ be Tom.
—I don’t think it ___ be ____ . A. can ; must ; can ; he B. may ; can ; must ; him C. must ; can ; must ; his D. might ; must ; can ; himself 分析：根据备选答案。 can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be? 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.（说话人十分肯定）。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即：I don’t think it can be him/he.（不可能是他）。答案为A 3. —Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ? —Sure. She ____ around the campus now. A. must be walking B. must walk C. may walk D. may be walking
分析：关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境：她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案为A 4. —I stayed at a hotel in New York.
—Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would say D. must have stayed
分析：首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。第二句在说：你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示：本来可以。答案为A
5. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _____ all the way here through the heavy snow.
A. needn’t have driven B. can’t have driven C. mustn’t have driven D. shouldn’t have driven 分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Needn’t have done表示本来没必要。答案为A
6. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
分析：根据句意：我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了本句的意思。答案为B 7. A：Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?
B：I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
分析：根据B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测：可能。答
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案为D
8. A：I promise that she ____ get a nice present on her birthday. B：Will it be a big surprise to her ?
A. should B. must C. would D. shall
分析：A说：“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。答案为D
【模拟试题】
1. A：Is John coming by train ?
B：He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may 2. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
3. Sorry, I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will
4. You _____ be tired—You’ve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not
5. —I didn’t go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down. —You _____ mine. I wasn’t using it.
A. might borrow B. could have borrowed C. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow 6. —A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband. —It _____ her husband. He has been dead for ages. A. mustn’t be C. may not have been
B. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been
【试题答案】
1. 分析：根据B的回答“他应该（坐火车来），但是也不一定，他喜欢开自己的车。本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D
2. 分析：根据句意：White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的，可他（在8:30）没有到场。Should have done表示：本应该。答案为A 3. 分析：本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因：我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。might have done 表示对过去的推测：可能已经??答案为A
4. 分析：根据后半句You’ve only been working for an hour.（你才刚干了一个小时）说明 You _____ be tired（你不可能很累），can’t 表示“不可能”答案为C
5. 分析：听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”，第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车去 上班。” 本来可以/能：could have done. 答案为B
6. 分析：第二个人是说：那个人不可能是她丈夫，因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根据对 话的语境，是在谈论过去的事，表示过去不可能：could not have done 答案为：B
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与it有关的主要句型 it强调句型
知识总结归纳：
（一）it用做形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，it用做形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（to do 短语，doing短语，名词性从句）则放在句尾。 主要句型：
It’s +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth. doing sth.
find / make / think / feel it +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth. doing sth.
例句：
1. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English . 2. It’s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs . 3. It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier. 4. It’s no use going there so early.
5. Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice. 6. Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming ? 7. We found it strange that no one would take the money.
（二）其他句型
1. It takes+时间段+sb.+ to do sth.
2. 表示“据说，据报道，/人们认为/相信/建议等
It’s said that……. It’s reported that ……
It’s believed/thought/suggested that…… 例句：
1. It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength .
2. It is believed that the two children went off exploring（探险）on their own and get stuck on the cliff .
3. It’s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem .
4. It was once predicted（预测）that British and American English would become separate languages finally .
（三）it在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。
It is / was+被强调的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。 It is / was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。 例句： 1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.
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It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning. It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.
It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school. 2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night. 3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.
4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much .
5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so .
知识难点：
（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。 1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom ?
2. Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia? 3. I can’t quite remember when it was that we married. 4. Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave?
（二）是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句
1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
2. It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
3. It was almost ten o’clock when our soldiers came back from the front. 4. Was it in this place that the last king died ?
（三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句
Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. I don’t think possible to master a foreign language without much memory. A. this B. that C. its D. it
分析：本题考查it做形式宾语的句型。“我认为没有大量的记忆掌握一门外语是不可能的。”故选择D
2. Does matter if he can’t finish the job on time ? A. this B. that C. he D. it
分析：本题考查it做形式主语的句型：如果他没能按时完成工作的话，这很要紧吗？故选择D
3. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it
分析：本题考查it的代词用法。It指上一句的内容：Tom的母亲始终告诉他应该努力学习。 故选择D
4. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It
[强烈推荐]高一英语上重要语法讲解
