加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
It may be difficult to understand non-verbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact, physical __1__， etc.
Let's consider eye contact. Children from many Latin American and Asian __2__ show respect by avoiding the glance of important persons. A teacher who's __3__ with this, however, might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of __4__. For many American Indian children, __5__ a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class is “showing off”．
Culture greatly __6__ attitudes towards physical contact, whether it's a handshake, hug, or pat on the back. In Asia, female friends __7__ hold hands and men casually (随便地) hug one another as they walk down the street.Americans, however, may feel __8__ with such public behavior. In some Asian cultures, affectionately patting a(n) __9__ head is strictly taboo (禁忌的), __10__ it can be acceptable behavior between adults and young children. How __11__ should people stand to each other when they're having a conversation? In areas of the Middle East and South America, people stand very close when __12__.Europeans like to have __13__ distance between them, while some Africans __14__ even more space. You can __15__ great discomfort by standing too close to another person. Not being __16__ of this can even prevent someone from understanding or __17__ the ideas you're trying to get across.
To create a positive environment for communication, your non-verbal message must closely __18__ your verbal message. One way to do this is to carefully observe how children and families speak and __19__ around each other and with people they respect. This can __20__ clues about the true meaning of their non-verbal interactions.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文，讲述了不同的文化对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。另外，不同的文化对人与人之间站立距离远近的理解也有所不同。所以，要想真正了解一种文化，一定不要忽视无声语言所传达的信息。 1．A.exercise B．touch C．education D．strength
解析：选B physical touch意为“身体接触”，这从第6空后的physical contact可得到暗示。
2．A.schools B．villages C．homelands D．cultures
解析：选D 第一段已提到不同文化(different cultures)中人们对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。此处举例说明，故此空填“文化”一词。
3．A.uncertain B．angry C．unfamiliar D．popular
解析：选C 在拉美和亚洲文化中，小孩回避他人的视线是对其尊敬的表现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏尊重。be unfamiliar with意为“对……不熟悉”。
4．A.disrespect B．idea C．danger D．disappointment
解析：选A 此空前的however说明此句与前一句之间是转折关系。既然前一句说是show respect，此处应当是a sign of disrespect。
5．A.seeing B．staring at C．looking D．glancing at
解析：选C look sb.in the eye意为“直视某人”。 6．A.influences B．supports C．observes D．reduces
解析：选A 在文章首段中说“不同的文化对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的期待”，然后在第二段讲视线接触在不同文化中的不同理解，故此段则是讲physical contact在不同文化中的影响，即“文化极大地影响到人们对身体接触的态度”。
7．A.never B．often C．seldom D．sometimes
解析：选B 由于男性之间可以随意地拥抱一下，故可推测女性朋友之间手拉手是常事。 8．A.pleased B．comfortable C．mad D．uncomfortable
解析：选D 由该句的however可知，在亚洲文化中很自然的行为，在美国文化中却令人感到不舒服。
9．A.child's B．baby's C．adult's D．man's
解析：选C 在一些亚洲文化中，摸成人的头是严格禁止的，但是成人和小孩之间摸头是可以接受的。
10．A.because B．although C．unless D．if
解析：选B 前后之间是让步关系，故用although。 11．A.far B．closely C．properly D．close
解析：选D 从本段的“people stand very close，distance, standing too close”等可知，本段是谈人与人之间站立时相隔的距离。
12．A.talking B．eating C．waiting D．listening
解析：选A 此处when talking与前一句的“when they're having a conversation”意思一样。
13．A.more B．less C．no D．little
解析：选A 来自中东和南美的人谈话时站得很近，而欧洲人需要的心理距离要更大一些。
14．A.hate B．prefer C．wish D．dream
解析：选B 该句中的while表示对比。非洲人需要的心理距离更远。 15．A.change B．expect C．create D．accept
解析：选C 双方谈话时，站得太近，超过可接受的心理距离，人就会感到极不舒服。create“引起；造成”。
16．A.afraid B．ashamed C．proud D．aware
解析：选D 对谈话时的心理距离要清楚，否则会造成麻烦。be aware of意为“意识到，知道”，符合语境。be afraid of“害怕”；be ashamed of“以……为羞愧”；be proud of“以……为豪”，均不符合语境。
17．A.suggesting B．considering C．refusing D．accepting
解析：选D 此空前的or表示选择关系，说明此空的内容与前面的understanding意思相近。意识不到人们交流时默认的心理距离甚至会阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。
18．A.pass B．explain C．match D．prepare
解析：选C 非语言信息与语言信息要相配(match)、要一致。 19．A.talk B．behave C．use D．look
解析：选B 这些文化差异可通过观察小孩和家人间的谈话及举止方式(behave)来了解。 20．A.provide B．support C．prove D．search
解析：选A 这样就可为你真正理解他们的非语言交流提供线索。 Ⅱ.阅读理解
Aside from training, nutrition has the most important influence on sports performance. In order for one to reach his or her highest potential, all of the body's systems must be working perfectly. Calories, carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and so on all play a unique and crucial role.
To have enough energy for exercise, an adequate number of calories must be consumed. The amount of calories needed depends on many different factors, such as age, sex, height, weight, muscle mass and fat mass. It is important to nourish the body after several hours with no food (such as during sleep), so breakfast is an
important part of adequate calorie intake. Choosing high-nutrient foods gives the body the right fuel to start the day.
Carbohydrate is the body's main energy source for all types of exercise. Carbohydrate is stored as glycogen (糖原) in the body, and the amount of glycogen stored in thebody affects stamina (耐力) and endurance. Foods high in carbohydrate include pasta, rice, cereals, starchy vegetables (e. g. potatoes, carrots, corn and sweet potatoes), fruit, and bread.
Protein is essential to build and repair muscle tissue.Protein allows muscles to contract, gain in size and increase in strength. Loading up on protein does not guarantee larger muscles. Muscle growth comes from hard work, proper training, and balanced nutrition. Food sources of protein include lean meat and poultry, legumes (dried beans and peas), nuts, seeds, and dairy products.
Fat provides energy, protects the body's organs and helps with the absorption of some
vitamins. When fat is eaten as part of healthful foods, it provides an important energy source for athletes in training. Good choices include the fat from nuts, seeds, and vegetable oil.
All vitamins and minerals are important. Two that deserve special attention from athletes are iron and calcium.Iron is important to carry oxygen in blood, and it plays a key role in sports performance. The best sources of iron are lean red meat, shrimp, iron-fortified cereals and bread products.
Calcium keeps bones strong. Foods from the dairy group, including milk, yogurt and cheese are excellent sources of calcium.There are also many calcium-fortified juices and foods that can help boost calcium intake.In addition, weight-bearing exercise increases bone density.
语篇解读：本文主要向读者介绍了运动与营养的关系。
1．The underlined word “nourish” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”． A．strengthen B．starve C．supply foods for D．exercise
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“after several hours with no food”可知，nourish含义与supply foods for相近，此处表示“给(身体)提供食物”。
2．Which of the following foods can best help to keep one's bones strong? A．Shrimp. B．Vegetable oil. C．Fish. D．Yogurt.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Calcium keeps bones strong.Foods from the dairy group，including milk，yogurt and cheese are excellent sources of calcium”可知，应选D。
3．Which of the following descriptions is FALSE according to the passage?
A．One's height is one of the factors which determine the amount of calories needed for exercise.
B．As for breakfast, it is better to take foods rich in nutrients.
C．Vegetables including potatoes, carrots, corn and sweet potatoes can increase one's endurance.
D．Protein can help build larger muscles.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Loading up on protein does not guarantee larger muscles”可知，蛋白质不能保证有大块肌肉，D项表述错误，故选D项。
2020届高考英语（人教版）必修四课堂练习Unit 4 单元加餐练（一） - （二）含答案
