高中英语语法系列――形容词和副词
[知识梳理]
一、形容词的概念与用法
形容词(adjective)用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。它可在句中充当定语,修饰名词、代词;可以作表语或宾(主)语的补足语,表示主语或宾语的状态、特征;有时也可以作状语。如:
This is a beautiful school.这是一所美丽的学校。(作定语,修饰名词school)
I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事要告诉你们。(作定语,修饰不定代词something) Our school is beautiful.我们学校很美丽。(作表语) We’ll make our school more beautiful.我们要使我们的学校更美丽。(作宾补)
Our school will be made more beautiful.我们的学校将会变得更美丽。(作主补)
He got home late that night, hungry and tired.那天晚上他很迟才回来,又累又饿。(作状语)
二、副词的概念与用法
副词(adverb)用以修饰动词、形容词或其它副词。它在句中主要作状语,个别副词也可作表语、定语、或宾(主)语补足语。
He studies hard.他学习很努力。(作状语,修饰动词) I’m terribly sorry for being late. 非常抱歉,我迟到了。(作状语,修饰形容词)
This coat fits him very well.这件上衣他穿着很合适。(作状语,修饰副词)
The people here are kind to us.这里的人对我们很好。(作定语,修饰The people)
When will you be back? 你什么时候回来?(作表语)
三、形容词与副词的转换
有的形容词加上ly后可转换成副词,规则如下:
注意:friendly, motherly, lovely等词虽然以ly结尾,但不是副词,而是形容词。
四、复合形容词
五、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成
1. 规则变化
2. 特殊变化
六、常用形容词、副词比较句型
七、需要注意的几点
1. 避免漏用系动词be。 [译]我今天很忙。 [误]I very busy today. [正]I am very busy today. 2. 避免修饰错误。
[误] She studies more better than I. [正] She studies much better than I. 3. 避免产生岐义。
[译]我比她更喜欢那个男孩。
[误]I like the boy better than her.(还可以理解为:我喜欢那个男孩胜过喜欢她)
[正]I like the boy better than she.
4. 避免比较对象不一致。
[误] Her spoken English is as good as I. [正] Her spoken English is as good as mine. [正] She speaks English as well as I. 5. 避免自己与自己比较。
[误]He runs faster than any student in his class. [正]He runs faster than any other student in his class. [正]He runs faster than anybody else in his class.
[正]He runs faster than (all) the other students in his class. [正]He runs faster than (all) the others in his class. [正]He runs faster than any of the other students. [正]He runs (the) fastest (of the boys) in his class.
6. 从句中“替代”或“省略”时,应使结构清楚、正确。 I spend as much time watching TV as he does ______(write). (Key: writing)
[灵活运用] 一、单句填空
按照下面句子结构的语法性,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。
1. If there were no examinations, we should have a much ______(happy) time at school.
2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______(well) known for his plays.
3. ―How did you find your visit to the museum? ―I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was far _______(interesting) than I expected.
4. I was expecting much ______ (big) rooms. I was ______ (terrible) disappointed.
5. You are so good to me. I am the ______ (lucky) person in the world.
6. As we all know, English is ______(wide) used in the world.
7. A new playground for our children is ______(bad) needed.
8. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a ______(good) voice.
9. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _______(heavy).
10. He is ______(true) happy who makes others happy. 二、句子翻译
将下列句子翻译成英语,注意下划线部分的用法。 1. 在场的那些人都是他的朋友。
2. 他这学期取得的进步比上学期大得多。
高中英语语法系列――形容词和副词
