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(word完整版)高中一复习专题:被动语态、时间状语从句学案

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重点难点 被动语态的使用情况;被动语态的谓语动词形式 绝対あきらめない,それが私の忍道。永不放弃,这就是我的忍道。——漩涡鸣人 hero[?h??r??]n.英雄,勇士; 男主角; (古代神话中的) 神人。复数:heroes demon[?dim?n]n.恶魔;魔鬼;怪物 outcast被抛弃者; 流浪的人; 被驱逐的人; 流氓,无赖; C -被动语态

语法梳理 被动语态 一、定义:动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 We swept(v.打扫,sweep的过去式和过去分词) the floor.我们打扫了地板。 →The floor was swept by us.地板被我们打扫过了。 二、被动语态的构成:主语+助动词be +及物动词的过去分词+(by+宾语) 其中,by意为“被……;由……”,表动作的执行者,在不知道或不强调动作的执行者时,“by+宾语”可以省略。 The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。 (→主动句:That boy broke the glass.) be有人称、数和时态的变化,其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。 English is widely spoken around the world. (肯定式) English is not widely spoken around the world. (否定式) Is English widely spoken around the world? (疑问式) Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south. 三、被动语态的用法: 1.在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动语态。 This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 【高考真题】 Visitors ____not to touch the exhibits(n.展览,陈列; 展览品). ( NMET 2001 ) A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 2.没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。 Do you know when the building was built?你知道这个建筑物是什么时候被建造的吗? 3.要强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。 Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。 四、被动语态的判断 在做题过程中,判断是否使用被动语态,可参考以下四条: 1.句中含有by sb时,例如: The windows __________ (break) by those boys. 本句中含有by those boys,因此可以判断使用被动语态。答案是:were broken。 2.句中含有with sth时,例如: The ground __________ (cover) with thick snow. 本句中含有with thick snow,因此可以判断使用被动语态。答案是:is covered。 3.主语后的及物动词缺少宾语时,例如: I __________ (tell) to come at once. tell的句型是tell sb to do sth。但是本句中tell的后面缺少宾语,说明主语I是动词tell的动作对象,因此tell要用被动语态。答案是:was told。 【2016山东高考真题】 【2016山东卷】So it was a great honor to be invited backstage(adv. 后台; 秘密地; 背地里; 在幕后;) at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for(pay for赔偿;为…付钱) research, I (allow) to get up close(get up close接近) to these cute(可爱的) animals at the 600-acre(英亩) centre. 【2016山东卷】改错Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 4.主语和谓语动词在逻辑上有动宾关系时,例如: English __________ (teach) in middle schools. 本句中既没有by sb,也没有with sth,这时,就要分析句子的主语和谓语动词之间是否存在逻辑上的动宾关系。English不可能发出teach的动作,只能是teach动作的对象,它们之间存在着动宾关系,因此,要用被动语态。答案是:is taught。 五、一般去时被动语态的结构:主语+ was/were + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 This bridge was built in October last year. 现在完成时被动语态的结构:主语+ have/has + been+动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格/名词 )+ 其他 He(elephant) has been taught to make marks like letters with a pen.(2015枣庄中考,阅读理解) My lesson has been finished by me. “Have you finished your lesson, George?” Said Mr. Prentice to his son.(2015枣庄中考,七选五) 六、过去完成时被动语态的结构、使用情况 主语+ had been done +其他成分 过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况: (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting? 【高考真题】 The new suspension(悬浮;悬架) bridge _____by the end of last month. (2001 上海春季) A .has been designed B .had been designed C. was designed D .would be designed (2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时。 The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. (3)根据语意、逻辑顺序可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。 On my recent visit, I help a lively(活泼的) three-month-old twin(孪生儿之一,双胞胎之一) that had been rejected by its mother.(2016山东卷) (→主动句:Its mother had rejected the lively(活泼的) three-month-old twin.) 【高考真题】 This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He_____ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(2002北京春季) A. killed(kill,杀死,夺去生命) B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 【注意】当从句由 after,before,when或 as soon as引导时,主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 E.g. When he arrived, he called her. They locked the door before they left. 能力提升 【例1】(2010湖南)This coastal(沿海的) area _________ a national wildlife reserve(n.保留; 保护区) last year. A. was named(命名;列名为) B. named C. is named D. names 解析:本题考查动词时态和语态,依据时间状语last year,则应用一般过去时,又由于主语与谓语动词之间存在着被动关心,故选A项。句意:去年,这片沿海地区被列为国家野生动植物保护区。 答案:A 【例2】(2010全国Ⅱ)Linda makes sure the tables _________ before the guests arrive. A. be set(set的过去式、过去分词,设置; 放置) B. set C. are set D. are setting 解析:本题考查动词set的用法和被动语态:set the table摆餐具,摆放桌子;tables作主语,与动词set之间存在着被动关系;同时make sure后接省略that的宾语从句。句意:琳达在客人到来之前,要确保摆放好桌子。 答案:C 【例3】(2010四川)You’ve failed to do what you __________ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected 解析:本题考查动词语态与时态:句中you与expect存在被动关系,首先排除A与C项;同时由have failed提示,“被期盼做……”这一动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。句意:你没有按照预期的要求去做,恐怕老师会责怪你。 答案:D 【2013上海卷】29. The school board is made up of parents who ______ to make decisions about school affairs. A. had been elected C. have been elected B. had elected D. have elected C.解析:题干的意思是:“这个学校董事会是由已经当选,并为学校事务做决定的父母组成的”。父母是被选上,用被动语态,排除选项B,D。再根据关键信息is made up of用的是现在时,可知选举一事对现在有影响,所以用现在完成时。 The church tower which________will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A.has restored(restore的过去式、过去分词,修复) C.is restoring D.is being restored Would you please keep silent?The weather report ________and I want to listen. A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast D.had been broadcast B.has been restored C.has been broadcast 【2005全国高考】The hero’s story _____ differently in the newspapers. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported 【2013湖南卷】26.If nothing ________, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A.does B.had been done C.will do D.is done D。考查动词时态语态——一般现在时的被动语态。解题思路:根据“主将从现”原则, if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来,排除B、C;nothing做主语,和do构成动宾关系,排除A,选择D。 【句意】如果不采取措施,海洋将成为鱼类的沙漠(海洋鱼类资源面临枯竭)。 —Claudia, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday? —Unless I ______. A.will be invited B. am invited C. was inviting D. Invited

(word完整版)高中一复习专题:被动语态、时间状语从句学案

重点难点被动语态的使用情况;被动语态的谓语动词形式绝対あきらめない,それが私の忍道。永不放弃,这就是我的忍道。——漩涡鸣人hero[?h??r??]n.英雄,勇士;男主角;(古代神话中的)神人。复数:heroesdemon[?dim?n]n.恶魔;魔鬼;怪物outcast被抛弃者;流浪的人;被驱逐的人;流氓,无赖;C-被动语态语法梳理被
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