全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试
英语阅读(一)试题
课程代码:00595
I. CAREFUL READING
Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 Positive reinforcement (加强) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. to reduce their mental stress B. to point out their shortcomings C. to increase their sense of success D. to make sports more challenging
2. According to the passage, the sport setting is positive for young people in that ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. it enables them to find flaws in themselves
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B. it helps them learn more about school life C. it provides them with valuable experiences
D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 3. Many coaches and parents tend to criticize young athletes ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. so that they train harder
B. believing that too much praise is harmful C. in order to make them remember life lessons
D. without realizing that criticism may destroy their self confidence资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 4. According to the passage, parents and coaches should ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. train children to cope with stress B. help children to win every game C. prevent children from repeated failures
D. encourage children to enjoy themselves and sports资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 5. The author's purpose in writing the passage is ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B. to persuade young athletes not to worry about criticism资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 C. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement in sports资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 D. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 Friedrich Dobl, a Yugoslav (南斯拉夫人) working in Germany, was annoyed with traffic jams. At long weekends and holiday times when he wanted to get home quickly, he always found himself moving slowly with hundreds of other cars along the crowded foreign workers' route through Germany and Austria.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 How easy it all was for police and emergency services! A siren (警报器), a flashing light? And like magic everyone was out of the way. Going home from work one night, he passed a garage. And there in front of him was the answer to his problem. An old ambulance was for sale. The red cross had been removed. But not the flashing light, and the siren. He tried the light. It flashed magnificently. He tried the siren. That too sounded impressive. He bought the ambulance and opened up for himself a dream world of motoring.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 It began early in the morning, all his luggage in the back of the ambulance and the motorway in Germany looking reasonably clear. Soon, as always, a long line of traffic appeared ahead. He switched on the flashing light and set off the siren. Cars swiftly slowed and pulled off the fast lane. Other cars stopped and drivers waved him ahead to an open road all his own. In record time he crossed the border into Austria. His trick was working. Police even waved him through the confusion caused by an accident.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 But then the Yugoslav made his bad mistake. Until then he had only stopped for petrol. Now he was driving past a real
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accident, lights flashing, too late to realize that it was not another traffic jam as he assumed. They stopped him, and after hearing the story of his ride across two countries fined him 12.5 pounds.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 6. At long weekends and holiday times Friedrich Dobl used to ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. drive home in Germany B. meet other foreign workers C. get caught in terrible traffic jams D. get to the workplace by a quick route
7. The reason why Dobl decided to buy the ambulance was that ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. he had always wanted one B. he wanted to sell it at a higher price C. he liked the red cross and the flashing light
D. he knew that other cars would make way for an ambulance资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 8. In what condition was the ambulance he bought? A. It was shabby and untidy. B. The siren worked wonderfully. C. The light did not flash properly. D. The red cross was vaguely seen.
9. Armed with the ambulance, Dobl found that ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. all the cars stopped and made way for him
B. the police were busy clearing the way of traffic资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 C. it was such fun to get out of the traffic confusion in Germany资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 D. he could cross the border into Austria in the shortest possible time资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 10. The most appropriate title for the story would be ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. \ C. \
B. \D. \
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such choice, for the jobs must be carried on at the same time. Because we depend heavily upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts. The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 3 / 13
In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such a balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any other field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 Similarly, we must have a balance between current and classical knowledge.The attention of the public is continually drawn to the discovery of new knowledge; it should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 11. According to the 1 st paragraph, the task of education is fairly complicated because ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. the public school has no choice of what to teach资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 B. it is difficult to choose what to teach in public schools资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 C. the current public school system is too complex to be understood资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 D. the educators have to take care of both ordinary and gifted students资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 12. Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. A democratic nation needs a lot of well-educated citizens.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 B. We depend much on science and technology for our progress.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 C. The educators are required to lay emphasis on some particular field.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 D. Elementary science should be taught on a mass basis in public schools.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 13. According to the author, the balance among the branches of knowledge is very necessary because such a balance ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. would benefit the growth of gifted students
B. would ensure the students' grasp of new knowledge资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 C. involves both the natural sciences and the social sciences资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 D. facilitates the training of effective reasoning and wise decision-making资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Most people take great interest in classical knowledge.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 B. Sufficient attention should be given to basic knowledge.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 C. The discovery of new knowledge is particularly important.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 D. Classical knowledge is more popular than current knowledge.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 15. The passage centers on ______. A. the balance in education B. the importance of education
C. the balance between basic and new knowledge
D. the balance among different branches of knowledge资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 4 / 13
Passage 4
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 Regular interaction or familiarity seems to increase liking; often, the people we interact with the most are simply those who are closest to us. A classic study by Festinger found that residents of an apartment complex tended to interact with, and like those who happened to live on the same floor more than those who lived on other floors or in other buildings. The researcher did not analyze this phenomenon in terms of the development of in-group versus out-group perceptions and biases, but such an analysis might prove interesting. Likewise, when classroom seating is alphabetical (依字母顺序的), students are more likely to be friends with people who share the same initial.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 There are two major explanations for the relation between proximity (接近) and liking. The first is simple availability. If most people are nice and easy enough to approach, it follows that proximity will determine who you get to know and, therefore, like. The second explanation is based on the mere exposure effect, that is, simple familiarity increases liking for a person or object that is not necessarily likeable. The mere exposure effect has been demonstrated in the laboratory with some meaningless syllables, which people find more pleasing after they have repeated them several times. It seems reasonable to conclude that repeated exposure to people in proximity to us leads us to like them more.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 16. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. Liking and Similarity. B. Proximity and Liking. C. Availability and Friendship. D. Interaction and Relationship.
17. According to the passage, the researcher studies the phenomenon on the basis of ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. perceptions of membership B. the development of friendship C. in-group versus out-group biases D. the degree of familiarity among people
18. The organizational pattern of the passage can be best described as ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. opinion-proof B. problem-solution C. phenomenon-reason D. comparison-contrast
19. The experiment on the meaningless syllables is intended to demonstrate that ______.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 A. most people are friendly at first sight
B. simple familiarity increases liking for a person资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 C. students will definitely become friends in the classroom setting资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 5 / 13
月全国自考《英语阅读》试题和答案
