is an implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant.
答：Three kinds of irony:1. verbal irony is when an author says one thing and means something else.2. dramatic irony is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know.3. irony of situation is a discrepency between the expected result and actual results.
2.Aestheticism
答：The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement is “art for art’s sake”. Aestheticism places art above life, and
holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life. According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. This was one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake. The representatives are Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater.
V．Answer the following questions briefly. 1. What led to the rise of American realism ? 答：1). effect of Civil War ;
2). development of industry and trade widen the gap between the rich and the poor ; 3) closing of frontier .
2. What’s Fielding’s contribution to the English realism?
答：As a novelist, he promoted the theory of realism in literary creation. He believed that a truthful artist’s
duty was to produce human nature faithfully and accurately as he saw it. In novel writing, he had the principles of characterization and typification which modern English writers are still using. Though he is not the first English novelist, he has generally been considered as “the father of English novel”
3. What are the chief traits of Modernist poetry ?
Modernist English poetry has the following chief traits. 1. Modernist poets insisted on “direct treatment of things” and on the avoidance of all words “that do not contribute to the presentation” 2. Modernist poetry has freer metrical movement. 3. Modernism introduced into poetry a much higher degree of intellectual complexity because of the enthusiasm for metaphysical poetry. 4. The modernist poets frequently made use of symbolism 5. it brought poetic language and rhythm closer to that of conversation by the use of colloquial expressions and even slang. 6, it employed irony and puns which had been banished from serious poetry for over two hundred years 7. it was often international and urban in theme.
二、
I. Select from the lettered choice the one, which best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of your choice in the brackets.
( c ) 1. The followings are Chaucer’s contribution to English literature except____.
A. Chaucer introduced from France and Italy the rhymed stanzas of various forms to English poetry. B. Chaucer is called the father of English poetry and the first poet who wrote in current English
language.
C. Chaucer did much in making a language of the people.
D. Chaucer is am accomplished artist. He writes in various poetic forms with ease and grace. His
poetry is rich in music and elegant to a very high degree.
( d ) 2. The third period of Shakespeare’s literature career is one of gloom and depression combined with
masterly workmanship. The following works are produced in this period except___ A. Measure for Measure B. Othello
C. All’s Well That Ends Well D. Romeo and Juliet
( b ) 3. New literary forms that came into vogue during the Puritan Revolution period are___
A. lyric, ballad, blank verse and ode B. heroic couplet, ode, satire and pamphlet C. masque, love sonnet, madrigal and novel D. burlesque, masque, blank verse and satire
( d ) 4. Which of the following statement is the Milton’s contribution toward literature
A. He is a sensitive artist, scion of the Elizabethans.
B. He wrote The Pilgrim’s Progress, a book of religious instruction in the form of allegory and dream. C. He spoke for the common people in his works of puritan spirit.
D. He is a great stylist. He is famous for his grand style for its dignity and polish , which is the result of
his life-ling classical biblical study
( a ) 5. All of the following statements are the characteristics of neoclassic literature except___.
A. Art for art’s sake is the ideal for neoclassic literature B. Art for humanity’s sake is the ideal of neoclassic literature C. The neoclassic writers manifested a strong traditionalism.
D. The neoclassic writers believed that literature was primarily an art which must be performed by
long study and practice.
( c ) 6. The poet who is called the “poet’s poet” is ___
A. Lyly B. Sidney C. Spencer D. Shakespeare
( c ) 7. The first gothic novel is ___by _____.
A. Castle of Otranto , Clare Reve B. Mysteries of Udolpho, Ann Radcliff C. Castle of Otranto, Horace Walpole D. The Monk, Greogory Lewis
( b ) 8. All of the following poems are written by Wordsworth except___
A. We are Seven
B. When We Two Parted C. Lines Written in Early Spring D. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
( b ) 9. Robert Burns is famous by his poetry written in___ dialect.
B. Irish C. Scottish D. England E. Welsh
( d ) 10. The “Big Three” in Victorian poetry are ___.
A. Tennyson, Browning, and Hardy B. Hopkins, Tennyson and Browning C. Arnold, Hopkins and Hardy D. Tennyson, Arnold and Browning
II．Fill in the author's name according to the given title of the work . 1. ____Poe ______ The Fall of the House of Usher 2. ___Dreiser ,_______ Sister Carrie 3. ___ Dos Passos_______ U.S.A.
4. ____ Eliot ______ The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 5. ___ Heller_______ Catch–22 6. ___Frost _______ Mending Wall 7. ____Bellow______ Herzog
8. _____Jade Snow Wang _____ Fifth Chinese Daughter 9. _____Miller_____ Death of a Salesman 10. ______O'Neill____ The Great God Brown
III. Write T in the bracket if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.
( F ) 1. Pardoner in The Canterbury Tales sold the relics of the dead saints to exempt the sins from the buyers ( T ) 2. Beowulf was brought by Anglo-Saxon people from the Continent to England. ( F ) 3. A ballad is written in 4-line stanza with the first and third lines rhymes. ( F ) 4. King Lear distributed his territory among his three daughters. ( T ) 5. Shakespeare was born in April 1564 and died in 1616.
( T ) 6. The “dark comedy” refers to those written by Jonson in his third period of dramatic career. ( T ) 7. Scott’s literary career marked the transition from romanticism to realism. ( T ) 8. Auld Lang Syne was composed by Burns.
( F ) 9. The poetry of Sentimentalism is characterized by sympathy for the French Revolution. ( T ) 10. Wuthering Heights deals with a story of love and violence.
Ⅳ Explain the terms in your own words . 1. Puritanism
答：A term referring to theology advocated by a party within the Church of England ;/ in broader sense
referring to attitudes and values held by Puritans ;/ as a cultural heritage exerted influence on American values and literature ;/ 3 concepts : original sin , predestination , salvation of selected few .
2. Harlem Renaissance
答：1920s saw a new upsurge of Black American Literature ;/ Langston Hughes known as Black America's
poet Laureate is considered the most important person ;/ other black writers like Gwendolyn Brooks also contribute to it .
V．Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What are the similarities and dissimilarities of the leading Victorian poets?
1. 答：Similarities:
1) the poems are the continuation of Romanticism and influenced by poems of Romanists. 2) the poets show the practice in metrical patterns and literary styles. Dissimilarities:
1) Browning is active and optimistic while Tennyson is pessimistic. 2) Browning seeks for new styles while Tennyson follows conventions.
2. What do you know of the Irish Literary Revival of the early 20th century?
答：Synge and Beckett, etc. It aimed at the revival of the Irish language and independence from England
3 What are the artistic characteristics of The Scarlet Letter ?
答：1. )carefully work–out structure and form to cater for the thematic concern ;
2.) exploration of complexity of human psychology ; 3.) symbolism ; 4.) ambiguity .
1. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists , who was the first to set out, both in theory and practice , to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style ? A. Thomas Gray
B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan C. Johathan Swift D. Henry Fielding 【答案】D 【解析】
2. Which of the following brings LITTLE impact on the development of 20th century literature? A. Friedrich Nietzche’s assertions: \
B. Arther Schopenharuer’s and Henry Bergson’s philosophical ideas of irrationality. C. Oscar Wilde’s idea of \ D. Freudian-Jungian psycho-analysis 【答案】C 【解析】
3. It is alone who , for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Martin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower
【答案】A 【解析】
4. Generally , the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is . A. science B. philosophy C. arts
D. humanism 【答案】D 【解析】
5. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event ?
A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B. England’s domestic rest.
C. New discovery in geography and astrology.
D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion. 【答案】B 【解析】
6. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil. A. immortality B. political C. money D. knowledge 【答案】D 【解析】
7. The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of ______________ to the outbreak of ____________. A. the 17th century … the American War of Independence B. the 18th century … the American Civil War C. the 17th century … the American Civil War D. the 18th century … the U.S. – Mexican War 【答案】B 【解析】
8. The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existence on a lonely island
英美文学-东北师范大学考试及答案
