中考英语专题04 E字部-2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解

2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解

专题四 E字部

1. edge

n.边缘

关联词组：on the edge of…在……的边缘

熟词僻义：edge还可以用来表示“优势”，例如：competitive edge竞争优势；常用于have an edge over…的结构，表示“略胜一筹，比……更有优势”：

You have an edge over your competitors.你们比竞争对手有优势。 同义词：advantage n.优点，优势

（2019，浙江卷，阅读B）To avoid accidents, some trampolines have 8 safety net around them. Remember: whenever you are on a trampoline, be careful not to jump near the edge of it. 2. education

n.教育，培养

关联词组：physical education=P.E.体育课，体育教育；higher education高等教育 词性转换：educate v.教育，培养；educated adj.受过教育的，有教养的

（2019，湖北卷，阅读B）

70. What would the writer probably talk about in the following paragraph? A. Advice on how to sleep well. B. Ways of changing kids’ education. C. The importance of sleeping well. D. Measures parents and schools should take 3. effort

n.努力，艰难的尝试

1表示“作出努力”，通常用make an effort这样的形式，其中an可换成another/one more，every等；如果○

中间不使用限定词，则effort需用复数，即make efforts：You must make efforts to achieve your dream.你必须好好努力实现你的梦想。

2表示做某事的努力，通常在effort后面接to do结构：He made every effort to get it.他竭尽全力得到它。 ○

3更多短语：spare no effort不遗余力；without effort毫不费力 ○

（2019，北京卷，阅读D）When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library 4. electric

adj.电的，带电的，用电的

electric和electrical的区别：

1electric指“电的，带电的，用电的”，被修饰的物体本身可带电，如electric guitar电吉他 ○

2electrical指“与电有关的，电气科学的”，被修饰的对象本身不带电，如electrical engineer电气工程师 ○

关联词组：electric car电车；electric power电功率，电源；electric system电力系统；electric energy电能 词性转换：electricity n.电，电流

（2019，山东卷，阅读C）Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. 5. encourage

v.鼓励

用法：encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事

词性转换：courage n.勇气；encouragement n.鼓励；encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的 反义词：discourage v.阻止，使气馁

（2019，北京卷，阅读B）That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. 6. end

n.末尾，终点，结束；v.结束，终止

名词词组：in the end=at last=finally最后，终于；at the end of在……尽头；在……结束时；from beginning to end自始至终；put an end to sth.结束（终止）某事；sth. comes to an end某事结束了

动词词组：end in sth.以……为结尾；以……为结果；end up with/doing sth.最终成为……，最后处于……；以……告终

反义词：start，begin v.开始；beginning n.开始，起初

（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）But the peace ended the day the British man's pig decided to eat some of an American farmer's potatoes. 7. energy

n.能量，能源；精力

关联词组：new energy新能源；clean energy清洁能源；save energy节约能源；full of energy充满活力 用法：put (all) sb’s energies into sth.表示“把某人的（全部）精力投入到某事中”；常和time并列使用： She put all her energies into her work.她把全部精力都投入到工作中去了。

（2019，北京卷，完形）I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I expect. 8. enjoy

v.享受，喜欢

1enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun玩的开心，过的愉快； ○

2enjoy doing sth.=like doing sth.喜欢做某事，乐于做某事；注意enjoy后面不接动词不定式； ○

3通常enjoy为及物动词，后面要接宾语。例外是在口语中可以说“Enjoy!”，表示请对方好好享受（用）。○ 词性转换：enjoyment n.享受，乐趣；enjoyable adj.令人愉快的

（2019，浙江卷，单项填空）

2.- Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our________________? - Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast. A. hotel B. school C. factory D. company 9. enough

adj.足够的，充分的；adv.足够地，充分地

1作形容词：可作为限定词修饰名词，要么修饰不可数名词，要么修饰可数名词复数；常用句式有： ○

enough+名词+for…或者enough+名词+(for sb.) to do sth.：

There is enough food for all people.有足够多的食物给所有人吃。

I have enough time to finish the job.我有充足的时间来完成这项工作。

2作副词：enough要放在被修饰的形容词/副词之后；常用句式有：形容词/副词+enough+(for sb.) to do sth.：○ This article is not easy enough for you to understand.这篇文章对你们来说太难理解了。

（2019，山东卷，词性转换）

62. The little boy said, \enough to take good care of ____________.\10. enter

v.进入；输入，登记

1enter后面可接宾语，也可不接；通常不用被动语态；○2还可用在与计算机相关的语境，表示“输用法：○

3enter for表示“报名参加（考试、比赛）”。 入，登录，登记”；○

词性转换：entrance n.进入；入口：No Entrance.禁止入内；entrance exam入学考试 同义词：enter=go into=get into

（2019，山东卷，阅读D）The smallest plastic particles can enter the blood, the lymphatic （淋巴）system, and may even reach the liver (肝脏),\11. environment

n.环境

关联词组：natural environment自然环境；living/working/social environment生活/工作/社会环境；protect the

environment保护环境

词性转换：environmental adj.环境的：environmentally friendly环保的

（2019，北京卷，阅读C）One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences. 12. especially

adv.特别，尤其

1especially在句中可修饰名词、○动词、形容词、介词短语等，一般放在被修饰词的前面：It's very cold in winter, especially in Beijing.冬天很冷，尤其是在北京。

2especially在句中还可用来修饰状语从句：Sunglasses are very useful especially when the sun is strong.太阳镜○

非常有用，尤其是阳光很强的时候。

3especially在逻辑上已有极限意义，故无比较等级。 ○

易混单词：specially adv.特别地；特意，专门：He bought the flower specially for her.他特意为她买了鲜花。

（2019，山东卷，阅读表达）The audience found this announcement especially ____13____ and started to throw even more money onto the stage. 13. A. funny B. lucky C. helpful D. painful 13. every

adj.每一，每个的

用法：every表示“每个”，其后通常接可数名词单数，一般不接名词复数或不可数名词。 every和each的区别：

1every只能做形容词，而且each还可以用作代词，直接充当主语或者宾语。 ○

2二者均指“每个”，但every侧重全体；而each侧重各个个体，比较： ○

I know every member of the class.全班的人我都认识。（概括全体）

I know each member of the class.这个班的每个人我都认识。（“个别”意义更重。） 3every指三个或以上的“每个”，不能指两者中的“每个”；each则可以，如： ○

误：There are trees on every side of the road. 正：There are trees on each side of the road.

关联单词：everybody/everyone pron.每人，人人；everyday adj.每日的，日常的；everything pron.每件事，

事事；everywhere adv.到处

（2019，北京卷，单项填空）

7.Sam with his friends every weekend. A. skates B. is skating C. has skated D. was skating （2019，浙江卷，单项填空）

7.The instructions tell us everything ____________ about how to make the model ship. A. by hand B. by chance C. in detail D. in person 14. examine

v.检查，调查

近义词：check v.检查，核对

词性转换：examination n.检查，调查；（=exam）考试：final examination期末考试；examination paper考试卷；entrance examination入学考试；take an examination参加考试

（2019，山东卷，阅读B）The students took a science exam before the study. After the six-week study, they took another. 15. example

n.例子，榜样

关联词组：for example例如；give an example举例；take…for example以……为例子；set an example (for…)（为……）树立榜样

for example和such as的区别：

1for example是列举整体之中的一个为例，常用作插入语，用逗号与主句隔开，example之后也需要逗号；○

其位置常常在句首，也可以置于句中、句末。如：

Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well.噪音，打个比方，也是一种污染。 2such as用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物作为例子，○一般用逗号和主句隔开，但such as之后无逗号，直接跟名词或名词性短语。如：

Some classmates of mine, such as Lucy, Lily, Jim are very generous.我的一些同学，如露西，李丽，吉姆都是很慷慨的人。

（2019，北京卷，阅读C）For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. 16. excite

v.使兴奋，使激动

用法：常用语be excited doing/to do sth.，或者be excited about/at…，表示“兴奋”、“激动”的原因。 词性转换：

exciting adj.令人激动的：通常是指某物令人兴奋激动，对应副词是excitingly

excited adj.兴奋的，激动的：指的是某人感觉到兴奋或激动，对应副词是excitedly excitement n.兴奋，刺激，令人兴奋的事物

（2019，山东卷，阅读D）My grandmother is going to be 100 years old in June. She’s very excited because she’s going to get a special letter from the Queen. 17. exercise

v.锻炼，运动；n.运动；练习；体操

1名词exercise表示“锻炼，运动”时，为不可数名词：do/take exercise做运动/锻炼身体 ○

2名词exercise表示“体操，练习”时，为可数名词，常用复数形式：do morning/eye exercises做早操/眼保○健操

（2019，山东卷，单项填空）

21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _________to spend time with others. This is good for our health too. A. ours B. us C. we 18. expect

v.期望；预料，预期

用法：

1expect to do sth.期望做某事；expect sb./sth. to do sth.期望……做某事 ○

2expect+ that从句，或者常用作：It is expected that…预计……： ○

It is expected that the weather will be good soon.估计天气很快会好起来。

词性转换：expectation n.期待，指望；expected adj.预期的，预料的（副词expectedly）：as expected不出所料，正如预期；unexpected adj.出乎意外的（副词unexpectedly）

（2019年，北京卷，完形）I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I expect. 19. expensive

adj.昂贵的，价格高的

用法：expensive表示“贵”时，主要用于说明具体的事物，而不能用来形容price。试比较： 误：The price of the coat is too expensive. 正：The price of the coat is too high. 正：The coat is too expensive.

词性转换：expensively adv.昂贵地；expense n.花费，费用

近义词：dear=costly=pricey

反义词：cheap=inexpensive adj.便宜的，廉价的；

（2019年，浙江卷，阅读B）

30. How can we do trampolining safely? A. Buy an expensive trampoline. B. Jump in the center of a trampoline. C. Choose a trampoline without a net. D. Lose weight before starting trampolining. 20. experience

n.经验；经历；v.经历

关联词组：by experience凭经验；working experience工作经验；rich experience丰富的经验；past experience过去的经验 用法：

1experience表示“经验，体验”时，为不可数名词：She had no experience of life at all.她毫无生活经验。 ○

2experience表示“经历，阅历”时，为可数名词：Tell us about your experiences in Africa.给我们讲讲你在非○

洲的经历。

（2019年，北京卷，阅读A）It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. 21.explain

v.解释，说明

用法：常用句式为explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事；explain +that从句；explain后面也可以接反身代词，即explain oneself，表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”或“解释自己的行为”。

词性转换：explanation n.解释，说明（注意：explain变名词，并不是直接加-ation）

（2019年，山东卷，完形）

To show the respect, it may be ____12____ to explain what the gift is. 12. A. necessary B. careful C. comfortable 22. express

v.表达，表述

关联词组：express oneself表达自己的思想；express thanks to sb.向某人表达感谢

熟词僻义：n.快递；快速：express way快车道，高速路；express train快速列车；by express通过快递邮寄 词性转换：expression n.表达；表情：facial expression面部表情；beyond expression无法表达，形容不出

（2019年，浙江卷，阅读B）

21. Why does the writer quote(引用) a story in Paragraph 3? A. To explain Africans like sweets. B. To show examples are not enough- C. To make the writer's opinion clearer. D. To express happiness is from children.