【本讲教育信息】
一、教学内容：
专题复习一 名词、冠词、数词 1.命题热点 2.知识清单 3.经典再现
二、知识总结与归纳 （一）名词 【命题热点】 1.不可数名词
2.可数名词复数规则形式的构成及不规则的拼写 3.所有格的形式 【知识清单】
清单一：可数名词及其单复数
单数 a, an的用法 a house an apple a yellow bag an old man a useful dictionary 复数变化规则： 1）+s cup girl hand
2）以o结尾的+s zoo, radio, photo, piano, [hero, tomato, potato] 3）以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的+es class, bus, box, watch, brush
4）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加es：factory, baby, city, country 5）特殊变化：man-men woman—women Frenchman-Frenchmen
tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese foot-feet child-children deer—deer fish-fish Japanese-Japanese Chinese—Chinese 用法点津
1）汉语拼音，单复数同形 yuan, li
2）某些只有复数形式的单词 clothes, pants, socks, shorts, glasses 清单二：不可数名词及其用法
不可数名词没有单复数之分，常用some/ any/much/a little/ little/ a lot of等来修饰。 e. g.: some bread much meat
如果表示具体的量，需借助量词。如：
a bottle of orange two bags of rice two kilos of meat a piece of bread 清单三：名词所有格的构成及其用法 1. ’s所有格的用法
（1）有生命的：Uncle Wang’s factory the teacher’s office Women’s Day
（2）几个人共有的：This is Lucy and Lily’s room. These are Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms. （3）无生命的（时间、距离、国家、城市、团体）：today’s newspaper China’s population ten minutes’ walk Beijing’s parks 用法点津：
1）避免重复：It’s not Jane’s fault, but Jack’s (fault). Whose handwriting is better, Mike’s or Alice’s? 2）表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑： at my uncle’s (home) at the Greens’ (home) at the barber’s (shop) at the tailor’s (shop)
2. of所有格
无生命的：the floor of the classroom the title of the song the picture of the family 与人的生活密切相关的：
today’s weather = the weather of today China’s economy= the economy ofChina the city’s parks = the parks of the city 3.双重所有格
a toy of the boys’ several toys of the child’s a daughter of the old lady’s a mistake of mine an invention of his 清单四：名词作定语
构成复合形容词：He is an 8-year-old boy.
一般用单数：There are some banana trees by the river.
There is only one man doctor and several women nurses in this hospital. (man, woman变复数)
（二）冠词 【命题热点】
1.不定冠词的用法 2.定冠词的用法 3.零冠词的用法 【知识清单】
清单一：不定冠词的用法
1.表示一个：I’m reading an interesting book. There is a tree in front of my house.
2.代表一类： A horse is useful to mankind. A bird can fly.
3.表示所属类别：My father is a doctor.
My wish is to become a teacher when I grow up. 4.用在事物的“单位”前，表示“每一”：
We often go to school twice a day.
Take this medicine three times a day and very soon you’ll feel better. 5.某人某物，但不具体说明：
A boy came to see you a moment ago. I got this tool in a shop. We need a car now.
She is ill, she has to see a doctor.
6.用于某些固定词组：a few, a little, a lot of, have a good time, have a rest
7.习惯用法：a moment ago, twice a week, for a time, in a while, in a moment, just a minute/ moment, after a time/ while
清单二：定冠词的用法
1.特指：The bag in the desk is mine. Is this the book you are looking for? 2.指上文已提到的人或物。
I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan. Would you mind turning up the radio a little? I can’t hear it clearly.
3.世界上独一无二的事物：the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world, the winter night 4.与单数名词连用，表示一类人或物：The dog is not too dangerous.
5.与形容词连用，表一类人：the poor, the wounded, the deaf, the rich, the sick 6.用在序数词、最高级前：
This is the biggest city inChina I have ever visited. He is the first to come and the last to leave.
7.表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某天的一个部分 We have friends all over the world.
My parents live in the peaceful countryside. 8.用在乐器、文艺活动、运动场所的名称前： The little girl likes to play the violin. They are going to the cinema tonight.
9.用在报刊、杂志名称所组成的名词之前。 I am reading the China Daily now. Have you got the Evening Paper yet?
10.用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称之前。 TheChangjiang River is the biggest one inChina. We live near theYellow River. 11.用在姓名复数前：
The Greens are very kind to us. The Whites like the classic music. 12.用于某些固定短语中
by the way join the army listen to the radio tell the truth go to the cinema all the same just the same with the help of on/ over/ through the radio 清单三：零冠词的用法
1.专用名词、抽象名词和物质名词之前 I think water is a kind of food, too. Money is not everything. 2.日常餐食
It’s time for breakfast.
What do you have for lunch?
3.季节、月份、星期、节日、球类运动、棋类游戏之前 Summer is hot and winter is cold here. New Year’s Day is coming. Today is the first day of May.
Do you like to play football or baseball? 4.具体的学科、语言前
Can you speak English?
It’s difficult to learn Physics well. 5.称呼、职位前
Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.
I usually help Dad on the farm on Sunday.
6.在this, that, these, my, Jane’s, some, any等限定词前 This is my address. His camera is like mine. 7.某些固定词组
by air on foot at night after school at home go to class in fact from morning till night
（三）数词 【命题热点】
1.基数词的构成及用法 2.序数词的构成及用法 3.分数的表达法
4.年、月、日的表达法 5.时间的表达法 【知识清单】
清单一：基数词的构成及用法 构成：
1. 1-12的表述：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 2. 13-19的表述：以-teen结尾 3. 20-90数字的表达：以-ty结尾
4. 21-99之间数字的表达：十位和个位之间加连字符“-”，如twenty-five
5.一百以上的数字的表达：在百位，十位之间加and.如104： one hundred and four, 486读作four hundred and eighty-six
6.“万”的表达：10 thousand, forty thousand (四万)
7. 1000以上的数字： 3，333，333，333 three billion, three hundred and thirty-three million, three hundred and thirty-three thousand, three hundred and thirty-three
8. hundred, thousand, million前若有具体数字，要用单数形式，但若有of，要用复数形式，同时，前面不能再加具体数字
two thousand, thousands of
清单二：序数词的构成及用法 构成：
1. first, second, third
2. fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 3. twentieth, ninetieth 4.前加定冠词或代词
The First Lesson is more difficult than the Second Lesson. This is our first lesson.
Who won first? (表名词，可不用定冠词) He failed once. Then he tried a second time. 5.序数词的缩写：1st， 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 22nd, 34th 6. 100以上的序数词的表达法： 100th, 101st
用法：1.给事物编号
2.序数词前一般应加定冠词，用不定冠词时表示“又一，再一” 3.表示日期中的“日” 清单三：分数的表达法
1.分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于1，分母用复数。
one third two thirds three fifths one half one fourth/ a quarter three fourths/ three quarters 2.整数与分数之间用and连接
one/an hour and a half= one and a half hours 3.谓语动词的单复数取决于短语中名词的单复数
One third of the shop assistants in this department store are men. 清单四：年、月、日的表达法 1. 1900年：nineteen hundred 2. 1908年：nineteen and eight
3.2004年11月25日：November twenty-fifth, two thousand and four 清单五：时间的表达法
8:21: twenty-one past eight / eight twenty-one 8:56: four to nine / eight fifty-six 8:30: eight-thirty / half past eight
【典型例题】
1. There are enough _____ in the fridge. We don’t need to buy any.
A. milks B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. apple 2. I was very excited when I saw so many _____ on the farm. A. chicken B. sheep C. duck 3. How many _____ are there in the international village? A. Chinese B. Russian C. American
4. British people eat ____ a lot, and they are cooked in different ways.
A. potato B. potatoes C. beef D. chicken 5.—Can I help you?
—I’d like _____ for my twin daughters.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pair of shoes 6.—What do you have for breakfast? —I often have ______ or _______.
A. breads, noodles B. bread, noodles C. breads, noodle D. bread, noodle 7.—I’ve got a little _____ in my house. —Why not keep two or more?
A. juice B. mice C. bread D. fish 8. My school isn’t far from here. It’s only ______ walk.
A. fifteen minutes B. fifteen minutes’ C. fifteen minute’s 9.—How old is the baby? —He is ________.
A. six-months-old B. six month-old C. six-months old D. six months old
中考英语名词、冠词、数词的专项复习
