话题三 科普环保
No.1
（2020. 河北省衡水中学高考模拟压轴卷）A new device works like a solar panel，except that it doesn’t harvest energy from the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky.
A prototype(原型)of the device produced enough electricity at night to power a small light bulb. A bigger version might one day light rooms or charge phones. It also could power electronics in remote or low-resource areas that lack electricity.
The device makes use of the temperature difference between Earth and outer space. It then uses that difference to create electricity. As long as one side of it is cooler than the other，the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with insulation(隔热材料) to keep out heat. The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate. That plate is warmed by the local air. At night，the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator.
Researchers tested a 20-centimeter prototype one clear December night in Stanford，California. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square meter of device. That was enough power to light a small light-emitting diode，or LED bulb. Further improvements might increase its production to at least 500 milliwatts per square meter. To do that，the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate.
The device also could help power remote weather stations or other environmental devices，says Aaswath Raman. He is a materials scientist who worked on the device at the University of California，Los Angeles. This may be useful in polar regions that don’t see sunlight for months at a time，Raman says. “If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness，this might be a way. ” 1. What can we know about the new device?
A. It gains energy from the sun. B. It’s been widely used in life. C. It is cooler than a solar panel. D. It’ll be popular in special areas. 2. What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3? A. Application fields of the device.
B. The developing process of the device. C. The working principle of the device. D. Significant effects of the device.
3 How can the device produce more electricity? A. By putting more insulation around the top plate. B. By using it in extremely cold and clear nights. C. By attaching the bottom plate to a warm plate. D. By covering the top plate with a transparent lid. 4. What could be a suitable title for the text?
A. A Device Using the Cold Night Sky to Produce Electricity B. A Device Bringing New Hope for Those in the Cold Night C. The Difference Between a Solar Panel and a New Device D. The Temperature Difference Between Earth and Outer Space 【答案解析】 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的科研发明——反太阳能电池板，它可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。目前的研究成果是它可以成功为一只小灯泡提供电能。 【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“It also could power electronics in remote or low-resource areas that lack electricity.”和最后一段的最后两句“If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness，this might be a way.”可知，这种装置在一些偏远地区或缺电的地区帮助发电；另外，在极地地区数月不见阳光，这种装置可以帮助发电照明。由此可推知，这个新设备在会在一些特殊地区受欢迎。故选D项。 【2题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段The device makes use of the temperature difference between Earth and outer space. It then uses that difference to create electricity. As long as one side of it is cooler than the other，the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with insulation(隔热材料) to keep out heat. The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed
aluminum plate. That plate is warmed by the local air. At night，the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator.该装置利用地球和外层空间的温差。然后它利用这种差异来发电。只要它的一边比另一边冷，发电机就能发电。较冷的一面面朝天空，与一块铝板相连。那块板被密封在一个透明的盖子下面，周围有保温材料来阻挡热量。发电机的底部连接在一块暴露的铝板上。那个盘子被当地的空气加热了。晚上，顶板的温度比发电机底部的温度低几摄氏度。由此可推知第三段主要讲了这个设备发电的主要工作原理。故选C项。 【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“To do that，the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate”可知，此处To do that是指前一句“让这装置产生更多的电量”。因此，该装置系统需要在上面的金属板四周安装更多的隔热材料才可以产生更多的电能。故选A项。 【4题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段“A new device works like a solar panel，except that it doesn’t harvest energy from the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky.”一种新的装置像太阳能电池板一样工作，只是它不从太阳获取能量。它从寒冷的夜空吸收能量。点明了文章主题，结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项最新的科研发明，这种科技可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。所以短文的最佳标题为“利用寒冷的夜空发电的装置”。故选A项。
No.2
(2020. 河北省衡水市第二中学高三二模)A butterfly’s wings can have many jobs besides keeping the insect high up in the air. They may be used to attract mates, or to warn potential attackers to stay away. All of these roles, though, depend on their unchanging colouration. This plays into the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a bird’s feathers. In fact, that’s not true. For example, in some species males’ wings have special cells releasing some chemicals which attract females.
Nanfang Yu, a physicist at Columbia University, in New York, has been looking into the
matter. Together with Naomi Pierce, a butterfly specialist at Harvard University, he has now shown, in a paper published in Nature Communications in February, 2020, that butterfly wings are, indeed, very much alive.
In their experiments, the two researchers used a laser(激光) to heat up spots on the wings of dozens of butterfly species. When the temperature of the area under the laser reached 40°C or so, the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating up further. These actions included a butterfly turning around to minimize its profile to the laser, moving its wings up and down or simply walking away.
Butterflies engaged in all of these heat-minimising activities even when the researchers blindfolded them. That suggested the relevant sensors were on the wings themselves. Dr Yu and Dr Pierce therefore searched those wings for likely looking sensory cells. They found some, in the form of neurons(神经元) that were similar to heat detectors known from other insects. They also uncovered disc-shaped cells that appeared to be similar to pressure-sensitive neurons. They guess that these are there to detect deformation of the wing—information an insect could use to control its flight pattern.
The third discovery they made to contradict the “dead wing” idea was that some butterfly wings have a heartbeat. A butterfly’s wings have veins(静脉). These carry a bloodlike liquid which, researchers have now found in males, shows a pulse(脉搏) of several dozen beats per minute. The source of this pulse appears to be the scent(气味) pad, a dark spot on the wings that produces the female-attracting chemicals. Apparently, this “wing heart” acts as a pump that helps bloodlike liquid through the scent pad.
In all their experiments simulating different environmental conditions, Dr Yu and Dr Pierce consistently found that, different parts of the wing are covered by different sorts of scales(鳞屑). In particular, tubes pass through scales over the scent pads. This improves their ability to spread heat away and helps keep the living parts of a butterfly’s wings alive. 1. A bird’s feathers are mentioned in Paragraph 1 to _____. A. introduce the latest research findings on a bird B. highlight the special feature of a bird’s feathers C. show common knowledge about butterfly wings D. stress the difference between a butterfly and a bird
2. What can we learn from Dr Yu and Dr Pierce’s experiments? A. Butterfly wings are complicated living organs. B. Butterfly wings have little reaction to external heat. C. The scent pads on some male butterfly wings are their hearts. D. Heat-minimising activities help detect deformation of the wings. 3. What is the function of scales over the scent pads? A. Attracting mates. B. Increasing blood flow.
C. Covering powerful tubes. D. Producing the cooling effect. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Seeing Is Believing B. More Than Meets The Eye
C. Nothing Seek, Nothing Find D. Fine Feathers Make Fine Birds 【答案解析】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能让其在空中飞得很高外，还有许多功能，并文中详细介绍了这些功能，旨在告诉我们有些事情并不像看到的那样简单。 【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This plays into the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a bird’s feathers. In fact, that’s not true. For example, in some species males’ wings have special cells releasing some chemicals which attract females.”可知，第一段提到鸟的羽毛是为了说明蝴蝶翅膀的常识。故选C项。 【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In all their experiments simulating different environmental conditions, Dr Yu and Dr Pierce consistently found that, different parts of the wing are covered by different sorts of scales(鳞屑).”可知，从Dr Yu 和 Dr Pierce的实验中我们可以知道蝴蝶翅膀是复杂的活器官。故选A项。 【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In particular, tubes pass through scales over the scent pads. This improves their ability to spread heat away”可知，气味垫上的鳞片的作用是产生冷却效果。故选D项。 【4题详解】
话题三 科普环保-冲刺2021年高考英语阅读理解热点话题专练(解析版) - 副本
