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小升初衔接教材(完全版)

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2.音节的构成:一般说来,元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节。但英语辅音字母

中有 4 个辅音[m],[n],[ng],[l]是响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音节。如 seven / sevn/ , little / li tl /, certain , apple 1)1单个元音自成一个音节, 如:i /a?/, ear /??/, air /e?/等 2)一个元音加一个辅音 ,如:it /it/, is /is/

3)辅音加元音,如:he/ hi:/,she/?i:/,war / w?:/,fly /f?a? /等. 4)辅音+元音+辅音(可以有多个辅音):一个元音和一个辅音或几个辅音结合,可以构成一个音节。这种情况较多,如: stand/st?nd /, thank/θ??k/, bed/bed/

5)成音节:英语中辅音不响亮,一般不能构成音节。但/m/,/n/, /?/,/ ?/是四个响辅音,它们和某些辅音组合,可以构成一个音节。这种音节往往出现在词尾,不重读。如:apple/′?p? /, season/′si:zn /, reason/′ri:zn /等。

★衔接及时练:区分一下单词是单音节词,双音节词还是多音节词.:

heavy like culture favorite palace person short captain popular curly hobby yesterday application

单音节: 双音节: 多音节:

3. 音节的分类: 1)、单词根据所含音节数目,可以分为:

①单音节词:he/ hi:/, see/si: /, sit/sit /.

②双音节词:morning/′m?:ni?/, lesson/′?esn /, teacher/′ti:t?? /. ③多音节词:department/di′pa:tment/, conversation/ k?nv?′sei?n /.

2)、重读音节和非重读音节

在双音节和多音节词中,有一个音节读得特别响亮,这个音节叫做重读音节(一般来说,除了一些复合词外,每个单词只有重读音节),其他不响亮的音节叫做非重读音节。重读音节用重读符号“′”来表示。

①英语双音节词的重读多放在第一个音节上。如:party /′pa:ti/, study /′st?di/.

②有三个或三个以上音节的词叫做多音节词。多音节词的重读一般在倒数第三个音节上。如:activity /?k′tiv?ti /, monitor /′m?nit? /.

3)、开音节、闭音节、r音节、-re音节、成音节:

①开音节:英语中开音节有两种:

绝对开音节:以元音字母结尾的音节。如:go/g?? /, too/ tu:/, she/? i:/, my/mai/ 相对开音节:“元音字母+一个辅音字母+不发音的e”构成的音节。如:name/neim/, like/ ?aik/, some/s?m /.

②闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾,而中间只有一个元音字母的音节。如:it/it/, cat/k?t/, jes/jes/, pen/pen/.

③-r音节:以“元音字母+r”构成的音节。如:-ar, -or, -er, -ir, -ur ④-re音节:以“元音字母+re”构成的音节。如:-are, -ore, -ere, -ire, -ure ⑤成音节:“/m/,/n/, /?/,/ ?/+辅音音素”音节.如:apple/′?p? /, season/′si:zn /

★衔接及时练:将下列单词按开、闭音节归类。

map nice cute so date bus duck late me pig top sell 开音节________________________________________________ 闭音节________________________________________________ 4. 常见字母/字母组的读音规则:

请朗读并记住元音字母在重读的开音节和闭音节中的读音。

(一)、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake a 在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese e 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite i 在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no o 在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday u 在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音, 例如:June blue ruler super (二)、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 [] China another woman breakfast a [i] orange comrade village cabbage [] hundred student open weekend e [i] chicken pocket begin children []/[i] holiday beautiful family animal i [ai] exercise satellite [] second tonight somebody welcome o [u] also zero photo [] autumn diffcult u [ju:] popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音, 例如:July influence February issue 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音。 (三)、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 a在[w]音后面 a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 i在-nd -ld和gh前 o在-st -ld前 o在m n v th前 读 音 [] [α:] [ai] [ou] [] 读 音 [α:] [:] [:] [:] 例 词 want what watch wash quality after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father find child light high most postcard old cold come monkey love mother 例 词 car farm dark sharpener warm quarter towards forty morning short word worker worse (四)、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 ar ar在[w]音后面 or or在[w]音后面

er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday (五)、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 are ere ire ore ure 读 音 [ε] [i] [ai] [:] [ju] 例 词 care dare hare here mere fire hire wire more score before pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。 例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如:orange very American paragraph (六)、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 ai/ay air al al在f m前 au/aw ea 读 音 [ei] [ε] [] [:l] [α:] [:] [i:] [e] [ei] [i] ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew在 j l r s后 ie/ei[s]音之后 oa oar/oor oi/oy oo [ε] [:] [i:] [i] [ei] [i:] [ju:] [u:] [i:] [ou] [:] [i] [u:] [u] 例 词 afraid rain wait day play air hair chair pair repair small ball talk wall all always also salt almost half calm autumn daughter draw teach easy cheap please heavy bread sweater weather break great hear dear near clear year bear pear wear swear earth learn early jeep week green three pioneer deer beer eight neighbour they either key new few newspaper flew brew jewelry piece field receive coat Joan boat goal roar board door floor noise point boy toilet broom food tooth school book look cook foot good

[au] ou/ow [ou] [] [u:] [:] our ui 在j l r s后 flower house count down know row throw though young country enough group you soup course your four our hour ours journey fluid suicide tuition juice fruit suit [au] [:] [ju:i] [u:] (七)、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 ai/ay ei/ey ow 读 音 [i] [ou] 例 词 Sunday foreign monkey yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion -sion在元音字母后 -tion在s后 -sten -stle -sure -ture [n] [n] [n] [sn] [sl] [] [] impression nation vision decision occasion question suggestion listen whistle pleasure measure picture culture (八)、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[:] 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[:] > cupboard[] 碗柜 (九)、辅字组的读音 辅字组 b c c在e前或在i/y前 ch -ck

读 音 例 词 [b] [/] [k] [s] [] [k] [] [k] bike bus bag bomb tomb cake picture coat music face decide cinema much chick rich teacher school headache chemistry machine Chicago cock pocket black knock

d -dge dr- f g g在e i/y前 gh gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 h j k kn- l m -mn n n在[k] [g]音前 -ng p ph q qu- r s在词首或清辅音前 s在元音字母间或浊辅音前 sc- sh t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 tch th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 tr- v w wh- wh-在字母o前

[d] [] [dr] [f] [] [] [f] [/] [] [w] [h] [/] [] [k] [n] [l] [m] [m] [n] [] [] [p] [f] [k] [r] [s] [z] [sk] [s] [] [t] [] [] [θ] [] [] [tr] [v] [w] [/] [w] [h] doctor bread hand day bridge fridge children driver drink five four breakfast bag gardon go orange large German cough enough light daughter high guess league dialogue language anguish hot head house hand hour honest jeep jar joke join July kind bike skate make week knife know knock life milk school tall monkey come autumn autumn column solemn not shine ten note uncle thank hungry morning young wrong paper plane pig ship pen elephant photo telephone Iraq red rubber ruler sit sleep desk music husband scarlet muscle science she fish shirt wash ten letter meet patient nation watch thin thirty method the these with than clothe father weather tree train country truck very voice love leave week win wake sweet wait answer two what when white why who whose whole [kw] quality quite

小升初衔接教材(完全版)

2.音节的构成:一般说来,元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节。但英语辅音字母中有4个辅音[m],[n],[ng],[l]是响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音节。如seven/sevn/,little/litl/,certain,apple1)1单个元音自成一个音节,
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