题型重组练(三)
(限时30分钟)
(单独成册)第146页
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·福州适应性检测)Your circle of friends may help you get a better reading on your overall health and wellness rather than just using wearable devices such as a Fitbit，according to researchers.
The study，published in the journal PLOS ONE，analyzed what the structure of the social network says about the state of health，happiness and stress.
“We were interested in the topology(拓扑学)of the social network—what my position within my social network predicts about my health and well-being，” said Nitesh V Chawla，a professor at
the University of Notre Dame.
“What we found was that the social network structure provides a significant improvement in predictability of the wellness state of an individual over just using the data obtained from wearable devices，like the number of steps or the heart rate，”Chawla said.
For the study，participants wore a Fitbit to capture health behavior data about walking，sleeping，the heart rate and the overall activity level.They also completed surveys and self-assessment of their stress，happiness and positivity.
Chawla and his team then analyzed the data with a machine learning model，alongside the characteristics of an individual's social network.
The study showed a strong correlation(相关性)between social network structures and the heart rate，the number of steps and the level of activity.
The social network structure provided a significant improvement in predicting one's health and well-being compared to just looking at health behavior data from the Fitbit alone.
For example，when the social network structure is combined with the data from wearable devices，the machine learning model achieved a 65 percent improvement in predicting happiness.
The model also achieved a 54 percent improvement in predicting one's self-assessed health
prediction，a 55 percent improvement in predicting the positive attitude and a 38 percent improvement in predicting success.
This study asserts(断言)that without social network information，we only have an incomplete view of an individual's wellness state.To be fully predictive，it is critical to be aware of the social network，Chawla said.
[语篇解读] 研究发现，比起仅仅通过设备去掌握自己的健康状况，结合社交网络结构能让人们更好地了解自己的健康状况。不通过社交网络信息的健康状况评价是不全面的。
1．What did the study find?
A．How people choose their friend circles. B．What factors decide your friend circles. C．How your circle of friends influences you.
D．What your circle of friends says about your health.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，研究人员说，朋友圈有助于人们更好地了解自己的健康状况；再结合第二段的内容可知，D项正确。
答案：D
2．How did the researchers draw their conclusions? A．By comparing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing cause and effect.
D．By describing personal experiences.
解析：推理判断题。倒数第二段和倒数第三段都给出了数据来说明设备结合社交网络结
构能更好地预测人的健康等其他方面。据此可推知，研究人员是通过比较数据的方法得出结论的，故A项正确。
答案：A
3．What does the underlined word “critical” mean in the last paragraph? A．Easy. B．Common. C．Important. D．Challenging.
解析：词义猜测题。根据尾段第一句可知，如果没有社交网络信息，我们对人的健康状况的了解是不全面的；结合语境可知，画线词所在句表示要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可知，C项正确。 答案：C
4．What do Chawla's words in the last paragraph tell us?
A．How fitness devices can be connected with your circle of friends. B．That a person's social network is part of his health picture. C．The best ways to make friends and keep a healthy social circle.
D．That wearable devices are not useful for understanding someone's health.
解析：推理判断题。根据尾段中Chawla所说的话可知，要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可推知，个人的社交网络是描述一个人的健康状况的一部分，故B项正确。
答案：B
词汇积累：Para.1：reading n．理解 wellness n．健康 wearable adj.可穿戴的 Para.4：improvement n．改进处 Para.5：self-assessment n．自我评估(或评价) Para.11：incomplete adj.不完整的，不完全的，不完善的
B
(2024·山西省重点中学联考)In a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，researchers studied iron-rich rocks found in Australia，Namibia，and California to get a window into the environmental conditions during the ice age.
By examining the chemistry of the iron structure in these rocks，the researchers were able to work out the approximate amount of oxygen in the oceans around 700 million years ago and better understand the effects this would have had on all oxygen-dependent life in oceans.
“The evidence suggests that although much of the oceans during the deep freeze would have been impossible to live in due to a lack of oxygen，in areas where the ice sheet begins to float there is a good supply of meltwater(融水)with oxygen.With the ice sheet beginning to melt，the air bubbles in it are released into the water，giving the ocean oxygen.We call this phenomenon a ‘glacial(冰川的)oxygen pump’，”says Maxwell Lechte，a researcher in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at McGill University.
Around 700 million years ago，the Earth experienced the most severe ice age of its history，threatening the survival of most of the planet's life.Previous research has suggested that oxygen-
dependent life may have been restricted to meltwater on the surface of the ice，but this study provides new evidence of the living environments in oceans.
“The fact that the global freeze occurred before the evolution of complex animals suggests a link between Snowball Earth and animal evolution.These tough conditions could have accounted for their diversifying into more complex forms，”says Lechte，who is also the study's lead author.Lechte also points out that while the findings focus on the availability of oxygen，primitive eukaryotes(真核细胞)would also have needed food to survive the severe conditions of the ice age.The researchers plan to explore how these environments might have kept a food web by looking at today's similar environments that host complex ecosystems.
[语篇解读] 生命是如何在冰河时期存活下来的？这是一个困扰科学家多年的问题，研究人员最近有了新发现。
5．How did the researcher know the life in oceans 700 million years ago?
A．By discovering iron-rich rocks by chance.
B．By examining the oxygen amount in oceans. C．By analyzing the found iron-rich rocks.
D．By getting a window into more places on Earth.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，研究人员发现了富含铁的岩石，第二段说明研究人员通过研究岩石中铁结构的化学性质，能计算出大约7亿年前海洋中大概的氧气量，并能了解这对所有依赖氧气的海洋生物产生的影响。由此可知，研究人员研究分析了富含铁的岩石，才了解了7亿年前的海洋生物。故选C。
答案：C
6．What creates a “glacial oxygen pump” according to Maxwell Lechte? A．Oxygen in meltwater.
B．Ice sheets floating in the oceans. C．A lack of oxygen in the ocean.
D．A good supply of air above ice sheets.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“the ice sheet begins to float there is a good supply of meltwater with oxygen.With the ice sheet beginning to melt，the air bubbles in it are released into the water，giving the ocean oxygen.We call this phenomenon a ‘glacial oxygen pump’”可知，“glacial oxygen pump”这种现象是由冰融水中的氧气引起的，故选A。
答案：A
7．What might the researchers continue to study in the future? A．The present food web. B．Diverse forms of animals. C．Evolution of complex animals. D．Modern ice environments.
解析：推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句“The researchers plan to explore how these environments might have kept a food web by looking at today's similar environments that host complex ecosystems.”可知，研究人员计划通过研究当今承载着多元生态系统的相似环境来探索这些环境是如何维持食物链的，similar environments指的是与上文提到的severe conditions of the ice age相似的环境，故可推知，研究人员接下来要研究现代的冰环境。
答案：D
8．What is the best title for the text? A．Newly Discovered Iron-rich Rocks
B．Life Evidence Found in Melting Ice Sheets C．Secret of How Animals Survived Ice Age D．The Importance of Oxygen in the Oceans
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是研究人员通过分析富含铁的岩石，了解冰河时期的环境条件，知晓在冰河时期生命是如何生存下来的，因此选项C正确。
答案：C 难句分析：By examining the chemistry of the iron structure in these rocks，the researchers were able to work out the approximate amount of oxygen in the oceans around 700 million years ago and better understand the effects this would have had on all oxygen-dependent life in oceans.(Para.2)
分析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干是“the researchers were able to work out the approximate amount of oxygen and better understand the effects”。介词短语“By examining the chemistry of the iron structure in these rocks”作方式状语。effects后跟了省略了that/which的定语从句“this would have had on all oxygen-dependent life in oceans”。
译文：通过研究这些岩石中铁结构的化学性质，研究人员能计算出大约7亿年前海洋中
2024届新高考英语二轮复习练习：题型重组练(三) (含解析)
