CHAPTER 23: MEASURING A NATION’S INCOME
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. The circular flow diagram describes all transactions between households and firms in a simple economy and shows the equality of expenditures and income. ANSWER: T POINTS:
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2. Gross domestic product includes most items produced and sold illicitly. ANSWER: F POINTS:
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3. Net national product is the total income of a nation’s residents minus losses from depreciation. ANSWER: T POINTS:
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4. Disposable personal income is the income that households and unincorporated business have left after satisfying all their obligations to the government. It equals personal income minus personal taxes and certain non-tax payments to government. ANSWER: T POINTS:
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5. The purchase of new houses by households is included in the calculation of personal consumption expenditures of GDP. ANSWER: F POINTS:
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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. When GDP falls,
a. income and expenditure must both fall. b. income and expenditure can both rise. c. income must fall, but expenditure may rise or fall. d. expenditure must fall, but income may rise or fall. ANSWER: A POINTS:
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2. Income equals expenditure because
a. firms always pay out all their revenue as income to someone. b. each time a sale is made, there is a buyer and a seller.
c. households own the factors of production used to generate incomes. d. All of the above are correct. ANSWER: B POINTS:
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3. If a province makes the production and sale of illicit drugs legal, then GDP a. must increase. b. must decrease. c. wouldn't change. d. may increase or decrease. ANSWER: A POINTS:
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4. When a government provides subsidies to encourage growth of small businesses, the subsidies would
a. be included in GDP because they are invested by businesses. b. be included in GDP because they are a form of government spending. c. not be included in GDP because they are transfer payments.
d. may or may not be included in GDP, depending on how the funds are used. ANSWER: C POINTS:
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5. Diesel fuel is
a. always considered a final good.
b. counted as an intermediate good if a company uses it to provide transportation services. c. counted as a final good if a farmer uses it to run a tractor to grow crops. d. Both b and c are correct. ANSWER: B POINTS:
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6. Gross domestic product
a. is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given
period (usually a year)
b. is the income in the hands of individuals after deducting income taxes; income available
to households to spend and save
c. is the value of goods and services purchased by all levels of government— federal,
provincial, and local—in a given period
d. is the market value of all final goods and services produced by permanent residents of a
nation in a given time period ANSWER: A POINTS:
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7. Macroeconomics is that branch of economics that studies a. the conditions of individual markets
b. the influence of governments on individual markets c. economy-wide phenomena d. only the private sector of the economy ANSWER: C POINTS:
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8. Suppose that nominal GDP is $6,000 billion and real GDP is $3,000. What is the GDP price deflator? a. 125 b. 150 c. 200 d. 250 ANSWER: C POINTS:
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9. The purchase of final goods and services by households is called a. investment
b. public sector expenditure c. consumption d. net exports ANSWER: C POINTS:
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10. Investment is the purchase of capital equipment, inventories, and
a. structures b. non-durable goods c. depreciation d. import investment ANSWER: A POINTS:
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11. Transfer payments
a. are included in GDP because they are forms of income
b. are included in GDP because goods and services have been produced in the transfer c. are NOT included in the GDP because goods and services have not been produced in
the transfer
d. are included in GDP because they represent the production of transfers of goods and
services to foreign countries ANSWER: C POINTS:
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12. Which of the following would be considered consumption expenditure?
a. The Smiths buy a home built in 1990.
b. The federal government pays the salary of a captain in the Armed Forces. c. The Hostlers buy a new car that was manufactured in Germany. d. The government buys food for its armed forces. ANSWER: C POINTS:
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13. The method that measures GDP in relationship to the size of the population is called
a. GNP b. worker GDP c. GDP per person d. capital GDP ANSWER: C POINTS:
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14. The components of GDP are
a. C + I + G b. NX + G + C c. C + G + NX d. C + I + G + NX ANSWER: D POINTS:
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15. Suppose nominal GDP is $7700 and the GDP deflator is 110. Real GDP is
a. $7700 b. $7000 c. $847,000 d. $8470 ANSWER: B POINTS:
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Short Answer
1. What are the components of gross domestic product (GDP)? RESPONSE:
ANSWER: The components of GDP are: (1) consumption spending by households on goods
and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing; (2) Investment spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housing; (3) government purchases or spending on goods and services by the local, provincial, and federal levels governments; and (4) net exports which is spending on domestically produced goods and services by foreigners (exports) minus spending on foreign goods and services by domestic resident (imports).
POINTS:
CHAPTER
24:
MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING
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2. Differentiate between gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP). RESPONSE:
year; while GNP is the total income earned by a nation’s permanent residents or nationals (that is, Canadians). GNP differs from GDP by including income that citizens of the nation (Canada) earned aboard, and excluding income that foreigners earn in the particular country (E.g. in Canada).
ANSWER: GDP is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given
POINTS:
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3. Differentiate between real GDP and nominal GDP. RESPONSE:
in a year and valued at current prices; and real GDP is the GDP valued at constant base year prices. Real GDP is not affected by changes in the level of prices, so it reflects only changes in the amounts being produced.
ANSWER: Nominal GDP is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country
POINTS:
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4. Explain why GDP is not considered a perfect measure of well- being? RESPONSE:
factors that contribute to a good life are omitted. These would include: leisure time, the quality of the environment, the distribution of income, and the production of goods and services that did not pas through the market (for example, housework done by the homemaker, and volunteer work)
ANSWER: GDP is not considered a perfect measure of well-being because some of the
POINTS:
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5. How do economists measure economic growth? RESPONSE:
one period to another. This is because changes in real GDP reflect only changes in the amounts being produced.
ANSWER: Economists measure economic growth as the percentage change in real GDP from
POINTS:
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True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. The GDP deflator reflects the prices of goods and services bought by consumers, and the consumer price index reflects the price of all final goods and services produced domestically. ANSWER: F POINTS:
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2. The consumer price index compares the price of a fixed basket of goods and services to the price of the basket in the base year. On the other hand, the GDP deflator compares the price of currently produced goods and services to the price of the same goods and services in the base years.
c. Canada’s GDP deflator will increase but its CPI will not increase.
d. Canada’s consumer price index will increase, but its GDP deflator won’t change. ANSWER: D POINTS:
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4. If increases in the prices of Canadian car insurance causes the CPI to increase by 3 percent, the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 3 percent. b. 3 percent. c. less than 3 percent. d. All of the above are correct. ANSWER: C POINTS:
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5. The real interest rate tells you
a. how quickly your savings account will grow.
b. how quickly the purchasing power of your savings account will grow. c. the size of your savings account.
d. the purchasing power of your savings account. ANSWER: B POINTS:
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6. Inflation refers to
a. a temporary increase in the price level due to higher tax rates b. a large increase in food and gasoline prices
c. a situation in which the economy's overall price level is rising d. an increase in the purchasing power of the dollar ANSWER: C POINTS:
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7. If nominal interest rates increase from 8 percent to 10 percent while inflation increases from 3 percent to 12 percent
a. the real interest rate falls from 5 percent to –2 percent b. the real interest rate rises from –2 percent to 5 percent c. the real interest rate falls from 8 percent to 12 percent d. the real interest rate rises from 8 percent to 12 percent ANSWER: A POINTS:
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8. If the nominal rate of interest is 10 percent and the rate of inflation is 3 percent, what is the real rate of interest? a. 13 percent b. 7 percent c. 3 percent d. –7 percent ANSWER: B POINTS:
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9. The consumer price index:
a. measures price changes of raw materials
b. adjusts all prices of goods and services for five-year periods c. measures the cost of goods and services bought by a typical consumer d. cannot measure price changes of intangible production such as services ANSWER: C
曼昆宏观经济学英语课后题答案
