谢孟媛英文初级文法全集笔记完美版
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名词的功用。当主语，补语，受词
1. 名词的种类 单数/复数
普通名词 book pencil. Dog. Spaceship宇宙飞船、 集合名词 class, family, audience 听众。
例如 1. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。
2. My family are all early risers 起早的人。 我家人都起的很早. 专用名词 Bob, Smith, April, London.-----专用名词前不能加冠词 不加S
下面的专用名词需要加上定冠词。
The united states . 美国 The united Nations .联合国。
物质名词 glass wood paper butter fruit 数字 ＋ 容器（度量衡）＋ of ＋ 物质名词
a loaf of bread 一片面包。 Loaves of bread 很多面包 A cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡。 A sheet of paper. 一张纸。 Two sheets of paper.两张纸 A spoonful of sugar 一勺糖。
抽象名词 beauty美丽 honesty诚实 love爱 patience 耐心 happiness 幸福 music 音乐。 2. 名词的数 单数/ 个数2 以上是复数
名词字尾加s 大多数 dog dogs book books girl girls
名词字尾为 s.sh.ch.x.o加es classes buses dishes benches boxes 名词字尾为子音加o，加es 如tomatoes 例外photos pianos 名词字尾为＋y 的复数名词要去y ＋ ies
baby-babies story-stories city-cities lady-ladies
名词字尾为f 或fe 去 f/fe ＋ ves 如 leaf-leaves knife-knives wife-wives 例外handkerchiefs chiefs roofs
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不规则变化的复数名
名词字尾加 en , 或 ren 如 Ox-oxen , child-children
改变母音 如 man-men woman-women goose-geese tooth-teeth mouse-mice 单复数同形 如 fish deer sheep chineses japanese
One fish two fish(个) a kind of fish two kinds of fishes（种）
3. 名词的所有格
单数名词：名词's 例如 The boy's schoolbag/ Joan's dress 复数名词：名词s' 例如 a girls' school/ these students' teacher 字尾非s 的复数名词:名词's 例如 children's playground操场 特别注意的所有格用法
共同所有格：名词＋名词＋名词's 个别所有格：名词's＋名词's＋名词's 1 Harry and Bill's father is a scientist
2.Harry's and Bill's fathers are scientists （无）生物 所有格： A的B B of A
the legs of the table the door of the car
the girl's name有生命的东西可以这样用 the name of the girl 所有格之后的名词如在句中非常容易理解时可以省略
1. she's going to the dentist's
2． I met him at the barber's（shop）
3. We like to eat lunch at McDonald's. 我们在麦当老吃午餐。 4．冠词
分为不定冠词a/an 及定冠词the,它通常放在名词前用来修饰名词
a/an 的用法
子音开头的单数用a a book a girl a young a man
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母音开头的单数用an母音有5个(ＡＥIＯＵ) an apple an umbrella an old
woman
a/an 的发音
I read a novel. I read a novel,not two.
the的用法----母音前读 （they） 子音前的读 （the） the apple the novel
Please shut the door.特指一定要加the
The rich aren't always happy.the+形容词泛指“~~~的人”。
一般动词的现在时
1. be 动词的现在时am are is 是… 在…
We are happy. She is in America.
主词（S）＋be动词(V)
第一人称 I am a boy.
第二人称、第三人称they/复数名词 you、they、复数 ＋are
You are my sons.你们是我的儿子。
第三人称单数+is. He is my student. Be 动词的否定:am/are/is＋not
He is not a good baseball player. He isn't a good baseball player. He’s not a good baseball player. are not aren’t
Be动词的疑问句
肯定句:主词＋am/are/is
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疑问句:am/are/is＋主词
That is his camera. Is that his camera?
The girl is a junior high school student. senior high school 高
中
Is the girl a junior high school student? junior high school
初中
Be动词开头的疑问句可用yes或no回答: Yes,S be. No,S be not.
Is that man your math teacher？ Yes,he is. No,he isn't No,he is my PE teacher. Are you eating your lunch？ Yes, I am. No,I am not.
2. 一般动词的现在式 习惯性的动作 正在做的动作
主词＋一般动词 现在时中主词为第三人称单数：一般动词＋s 或es
I like dogs. We like dogs.
You like dogs. You like dogs.
He likes dogs. They like dogs. 第三人称单数＋s
一般动词加s或es的方法:
大部分动词加s发音为s或z。 works无声[s]， plays有声[z] 一般动词字尾为o s sh ch 时加es goes[z] washes[iz] watches[iz] 一般动词字尾音为y时去y加ies cry cries study studies Have和has have（有/吃）的单数动词为has。They have a lot of
money.(不可数)
He has a lot of money.
三单数用has
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谢孟媛英文初级文法全集笔记完美版复习进程
