00.GENERAL
01.Communication,education,
history,andphilosophy
01.10.àmAnnouncements,news,and
organizationalactivities01.10.Cr01.10.Fv01.10.Hx01.20.?x
Announcements,news,andawardsConferences,lectures,andinstitutesPhysicsorganizationalactivitiesCommunicationformsandtechniques?written,oral,electronic,etc.…01.80.?b01.90.?g01.65.?g
Historyofscience
02.30.Tb02.30.Uu02.30.Vv02.30.Xx02.30.Yy02.30.Zz02.40.àk
OperatortheoryIntegraltransformsOperationalcalculusCalculusofvariationsControltheoryInverseproblems
Geometry,differentialgeometry,andtopology(seealsosection04Relativityandgravitation)
Euclideanandprojectivegeometries01.70.?wPhilosophyofscience
01.75.?mScienceandsociety(forscience
andgovernment,see01.78.?p)01.78.?p
Scienceandgovernment?funding,politics,etc.…Physicsofsports
Othertopicsofgeneralinterest?restrictedtonewtopicsinsection02.40.Dr01.30.àyPhysicsliteratureandpublications
01.30.BbPublicationsoflectures?advancedinstitutes,summerschools,etc.?01.30.CcConferenceproceedings01.30.EeMonographsandcollections01.30.Kj
Handbooks,dictionaries,tables,anddatacompilations
01.30.MmTextbooksforgraduatesand
researchers01.30.PpTextbooksforundergraduates01.30.RrSurveysandtutorialpapers;resourceletters01.30.TtBibliographies01.30.VvBookreviews
01.30.Xx
Publicationsinelectronicmedia(forthetopicofelectronicpublishing,see01.20.?x)01.40.àdEducation
01.40.DiCoursedesignandevaluation01.40.EjScienceinelementaryandsecondaryschool
01.40.FkPhysicseducationresearch
?cognition,problemsolving,etc.?01.40.Gm
Curricula;teachingmethods,strategies,theoryoftestingandevaluation01.40.JpTeachertraining01.50.àiEducationalaids
01.50.FrAudioandvisualaids,?lms01.50.HtInstructionalcomputeruse01.50.KwTechniquesoftesting
01.50.LcLaboratorycomputeruse(seealso01.50.Pa)
01.50.MyDemonstrationexperimentsandapparatus
01.50.PaLaboratoryexperimentsandapparatus(seealso01.50.Lc)01.50.QbLaboratorycoursedesign,organization,andevaluation01.50.WgPhysicsoftoys
01.52.?rNationalandinternationallaboratoryfacilities01.55.?bGeneralphysics
01.60.?q
Biographies,tributes,personalnotes,andobituaries
01…
02.Mathematicalmethodsin
physics
02.10.àvLogic,settheory,andalgebra02.10.AbLogicandsettheory
02.10.DeAlgebraicstructuresandnumbertheory
02.10.HhRingsandalgebras02.10.KnKnottheory
02.10.OxCombinatorics;graphtheory02.10.UdLinearalgebra02.10.XmMultilinearalgebra02.10.YnMatrixtheory
02.20.àa
Grouptheory(foralgebraic
methodsinquantummechanics,see03.65.Fd;forsymmetriesinelementaryparticlephysics,see11.30.?j)
02.20.BbGeneralstructuresofgroups02.20.HjClassicalgroups
02.20.QsGeneralproperties,structure,andrepresentationofLiegroups
02.20.RtDiscretesubgroupsofLiegroups02.20.SvLiealgebrasofLiegroups02.20.TwIn?nite-dimensionalLiegroups02.20.UwQuantumgroups
02.30.àfFunctiontheory,analysis02.30.CjMeasureandintegration02.30.EmPotentialtheory
02.30.FnSeveralcomplexvariablesandanalyticspaces02.30.GpSpecialfunctions
02.30.HqOrdinarydifferentialequations02.30.IkIntegrablesystems
02.30.JrPartialdifferentialequations02.30.KsDelayandfunctionalequations02.30.LtSequences,series,andsummability02.30.MvApproximationsandexpansions02.30.NwFourieranalysis
02.30.OzBifurcationtheory(seealso47.20.Kyin?uiddynamics)02.30.PxAbstractharmonicanalysis02.30.RzIntegralequations02.30.Sa
Functionalanalysis
1
02.40.FtConvexsetsandgeometricinequalities
02.40.Gh
Noncommutativegeometry02.40.HwClassicaldifferentialgeometry02.40.KyRiemanniangeometries02.40.MaGlobaldifferentialgeometry02.40.PcGeneraltopology02.40.ReAlgebraictopology
02.40.SfManifoldsandcellcomplexes02.40.TtComplexmanifolds
02.40.VhGlobalanalysisandanalysisonmanifolds
02.40.Xx
Singularitytheory(seealso05.45.?ainstatisticalphysics,thermodynamics,andnonlineardynamicalsystems)
02.40.Yy
Geometricmechanics(seealso45.20.Jjinformalismsinclassicalmechanics)
02.50.àr
Probabilitytheory,stochasticprocesses,andstatistics(seealsosection05Statisticalphysics,thermodynamics,andnonlineardynamicalsystems)02.50.CwProbabilitytheory02.50.EyStochasticprocesses
02.50.FzStochasticanalysis02.50.GaMarkovprocesses
02.50.LeDecisiontheoryandgametheory02.50.NgDistributiontheoryandMonteCarlostudies
02.50.SkMultivariateanalysis02.50.TtInferencemethods
02.60.àxNumericalapproximationandanalysis
02.60.CbNumericalsimulation;solutionofequations
02.60.DcNumericallinearalgebra02.60.EdInterpolation;curve?tting02.60.GfAlgorithmsforfunctionalapproximation
02.60.JhNumericaldifferentiationandintegration
02.60.LjOrdinaryandpartialdifferentialequations;boundaryvalueproblems02.60.NmIntegralandintegrodifferentialequations
02.60.Pn
Numericaloptimization
02.70.àcComputationaltechniques(forquantumcomputation,see03.67.Lx)02.70.BfFinite-differencemethods02.70.DhFinite-elementandGalerkinmethods
02.70.HmSpectralmethods02.70.JnCollocationmethods
02.70.NsMoleculardynamicsandparticlemethods
02.70.PtBoundary-integralmethods02.70.RrGeneralstatisticalmethods02.70.SsQuantumMonteCarlomethods02.70.TtJusti?cationsormodi?cationsofMonteCarlomethods
02.70.Uu
ApplicationsofMonteCarlomethods(seealso02.50.Nginprobabilitytheory,stochasticprocesses,andstatistics,and05.10.Lninstatisticalphysics)02.70.WzSymboliccomputation?computeralgebra?
02.90.?p
Othertopicsinmathematicalmethodsinphysics?restrictedtonewtopicsinsection02…
03.Quantummechanics,?eld
theories,andspecialrelativity(seealsosection11Generaltheoryof?eldsandparticles)
03.30.?pSpecialrelativity
03.50.àzClassical?eldtheories03.50.De
Classicalelectromagnetism,Maxwellequations(forappliedclassicalelectromagnetism,see41.20.?q)
03.50.Kk
Otherspecialclassical?eldtheories
03.65.àwQuantummechanics(seealso
03.67.?aQuantuminformation;05.30.?dQuantumstatisticalmechanics)
03.65.CaFormalism
03.65.DbFunctionalanalyticalmethods03.65.FdAlgebraicmethods(seealso
02.20.?aGrouptheory)
03.65.GeSolutionsofwaveequations:bound
states
03.65.NkScatteringtheory
03.65.PmRelativisticwaveequations03.65.SqSemiclassicaltheoriesand
applications
03.65.TaFoundationsofquantummechanics;
measurementtheory(foropticaltestsofquantumtheory,see42.50.Xa)
03.65.UdEntanglementandquantum
nonlocality?e.g.EPRparadox,
Bell’sinequalities,GHZstates,etc.?(forentanglementproductioninquantuminformation,see03.67.Mn;forentanglementinBose-Einsteincondensates,see03.75.Gg)
03.65.VfPhases:geometric;dynamicortopological
03.65.WjStatereconstruction,quantumtomography
03.65.XpTunneling,traversaltime,quantumZenodynamics
03.65.Yz
Decoherence;opensystems;quantumstatisticalmethods(seealso03.67.Ppinquantum
information;fordecoherenceinBose-Einsteincondensates,see03.75.Gg)
03.67.àaQuantuminformation03.67.DdQuantumcryptography03.67.HkQuantumcommunication03.67.LxQuantumcomputation
03.67.Mn
Entanglementproduction,
characterizationandmanipulation(seealso03.65.UdEntanglementandquantumnonlocality;forentanglementinBose-Einsteincondensates,see03.75.Gg)03.67.Pp
Quantumerrorcorrectionandothermethodsforprotectionagainstdecoherence(seealso03.65.YzDecoherence;opensystems;quantumstatisticalmethods;fordecoherenceinBose-Einsteincondensates,see03.75.Gg)03.70.?kTheoryofquantized?elds(seealso11.10.?zFieldtheory)03.75.àb
Matterwaves(foratom
interferometrytechniques,see
39.20.?q—inatomicandmolecularphysics)
03.75.BeAtomandneutronoptics
03.75.DgAtomandneutroninterferometry03.75.GgEntanglementanddecoherenceinBose-Einsteincondensates
03.75.Hh
Staticpropertiesofcondensates;thermodynamical,statisticalandstructuralproperties.
03.75.Kk
Dynamicpropertiesofcondensates;collectiveandhydrodynamicexcitations,super?uid?ow
03.75.Lm
Tunneling,Josephsoneffect,Bose-Einsteincondensatesinperiodicpotentials,solitons,vorticesandtopologicalexcitations
03.75.MnMulticomponentcondensates;spinorcondensates
03.75.NtOtherBose-Einsteincondensationphenomena03.75.PpAtomlasers
03.75.Ss
DegenerateFermigases
04.Generalrelativityand
gravitation(seealso95.30.Sfinastronomy)
????Specialrelativity,see03.30.?p04.20.àq
Classicalgeneralrelativity(seealso02.40.?kGeometry,differentialgeometry,andtopology)
2
04.20.CvFundamentalproblemsandgeneralformalism
04.20.DwSingularitiesandcosmiccensorship04.20.ExInitialvalueproblem,existenceanduniquenessofsolutions
04.20.FyCanonicalformalism,Lagrangians,andvariationalprinciples04.20.GzSpacetimetopology,causalstructure,spinorstructure04.20.HaAsymptoticstructure04.20.JbExactsolutions
04.25.àgApproximationmethods;equationsofmotion04.25.DmNumericalrelativity
04.25.Nx
Post-Newtonianapproximation;perturbationtheory;relatedapproximations
04.30.àwGravitationalwaves:theory04.30.DbWavegenerationandsources04.30.NkWavepropagationandinteractions04.40.àb
Self-gravitatingsystems;
continuousmediaandclassical?eldsincurvedspacetime04.40.Dg
Relativisticstars:structure,stability,andoscillations(seealso97.60.?sLatestagesofstellarevolution)04.40.Nr
Einstein–Maxwellspacetimes,spacetimeswith?uids,radiationorclassical?elds
04.50.?h
Gravityinmorethanfour
dimensions,Kaluza–Kleintheory,uni?ed?eldtheories;alternativetheoriesofgravity(seealso
11.25.MjCompacti?cationandfour-dimensionalmodels)04.60.àmQuantumgravity04.60.DsCanonicalquantization
04.60.GwCovariantandsum-over-historiesquantization
04.60.KzLowerdimensionalmodels;minisuperspacemodels04.60.NcLatticeanddiscretemethods04.60.PpLoopquantumgravity,quantumgeometry,spinfoams
04.62.?vQuantum?eldtheoryincurvedspacetime
04.65.?eSupergravity(seealso12.60.JvSupersymmetricmodels)04.70.àsPhysicsofblackholes(seealso97.60.Lf—inastronomy)04.70.BwClassicalblackholes
04.70.Dy
Quantumaspectsofblackholes,evaporation,thermodynamics04.80.àyExperimentalstudiesofgravity04.80.CcExperimentaltestsofgravitationaltheories
04.80.Nn
Gravitationalwavedetectorsandexperiments(seealso95.55.Ym—inastronomy)
04.90.?e
Othertopicsingeneralrelativityandgravitation?restrictedtonewtopicsinsection04…
05.Statisticalphysics,
thermodynamics,andnonlineardynamicalsystems(seealso02.50.?rProbabilitytheory,
stochasticprocesses,andstatistics)
05.10.àa
Computationalmethodsin
statisticalphysicsandnonlineardynamics(seealso02.70.?cinmathematicalmethodsinphysics)05.10.CcRenormalizationgroupmethods05.10.GgStochasticanalysismethods?Fokker–Planck,Langevin,etc.?05.10.Ln
MonteCarlomethods(seealso02.70.Tt,Uuinmathematicalmethodsinphysics;forMonte
Carlomethodsinplasmasimulation,see52.65.Pp)
05.20.àyClassicalstatisticalmechanics05.20.Dd
Kinetictheory(seealso51.10.?yKineticandtransporttheoryofgases)
05.20.GgClassicalensembletheory
05.20.Jj
Statisticalmechanicsofclassical?uids(seealso47.10.?gGeneraltheoryin?uiddynamics)
05.30.àdQuantumstatisticalmechanics05.30.ChQuantumensembletheory
05.30.Fk
Fermionsystemsandelectrongas(seealso71.10.?wTheoriesandmodelsofmany-electronsystems)05.30.Jp
Bosonsystems(forstaticand
dynamicpropertiesofBose-Einsteincondensates,see03.75.Hhand03.75.Kk)
05.30.PrFractionalstatisticssystems?anyons,etc.?
05.40.àa
Fluctuationphenomena,randomprocesses,noise,andBrownianmotion(for?uctuationsin
superconductivity,see74.40.?k;forstatisticaltheoryand?uctuationsinnuclearreactions,see24.60.?k;for?uctuationsinplasma,see52.25.Gj)05.40.CaNoise
05.40.FbRandomwalksandLevy?ights05.40.JcBrownianmotion
05.45.àa
Nonlineardynamicsand
nonlineardynamicalsystems(seealsosection45Classicalmechanicsofdiscretesystems)05.45.AcLow-dimensionalchaos05.45.DfFractals(seealso47.53.?nFractalsin?uiddynamics)05.45.GgControlofchaos,applicationsofchaos
05.45.Jn
High-dimensionalchaos
05.45.MtQuantumchaos;semiclassicalmethods
05.45.PqNumericalsimulationsofchaoticsystems
05.45.Ra
Coupledmaplattices05.45.TpTimeseriesanalysis05.45.VxCommunicationusingchaos05.45.XtSynchronization;coupledoscillators05.45.Yv
Solitons(see52.35.Sbforsolitonsinplasma;forsolitonsinacoustics,see43.25.Rq—inacoustics
appendix;see42.50.Md,42.65.Tg,42.81.Dpforsolitonsinoptics;seealso03.75.LmTunneling,Josephsoneffect,Bose-Einsteincondensatesinperiodicpotentials,solitons,vorticesandtopologicalexcitations)05.50.?q
Latticetheoryandstatistics?64.60.CnIsing,Potts,Orderetc.–disorder
…(seealsotransformationsandstatisticalmechanicsofmodelsystemsand75.10.HkClassicalspinmodels)05.60.àkTransportprocesses05.60.CdClassicaltransport05.60.GgQuantumtransport
05.65.?b
Self-organizedsystems(seealso45.70.?ninclassicalmechanicsofdiscretesystems)
05.70.àa
Thermodynamics(seealsosection64Equationsofstate,phaseequilibria,andphasetransitions,andsection65Thermalpropertiesofcondensedmatter;forchemicalthermodynamics,see82.60.?s;forthermodynamicsofplasmas,see52.25.Kn)
????Thermodynamicssee82.60.Qr
ofnanoparticles,05.70.Ce
Thermodynamicfunctionsand
equationsofstate(seealso51.30.?iThermodynamicproperties,equationsofstateinphysicsofgases)
05.70.FhPhasetransitions:generalstudies05.70.JkCriticalpointphenomena
05.70.Ln
Nonequilibriumandirreversiblethermodynamics(seealso82.40.BjOscillations,chaos,andbifurcationsinphysicalchemistryandchemicalphysics)
05.70.Np
Interfaceandsurface
thermodynamics(seealso68.35.MdSurfacethermodynamics,surfaceenergiesinsurfacesandinterfaces)
05.90.?mOthertopicsinstatisticalphysics,
thermodynamics,andnonlineardynamicalsystems?restrictedtonewtopicsinsection05…
06.Metrology,measurements,and
3
laboratoryprocedures(forlaserapplicationsinmetrology,see42.62.Eh)
06.20.àfMetrology
06.20.DkMeasurementanderrortheory06.20.FnUnitsandstandards
06.20.JrDeterminationoffundamentalconstants
06.30.àk
Measurementscommontoseveralbranchesofphysicsandastronomy
06.30.Bp
Spatialdimensions?e.g.,position,lengths,volume,angles,anddisplacements?06.30.DrMassanddensity
06.30.FtTimeandfrequency
06.30.GvVelocity,acceleration,androtation06.60.àcLaboratoryprocedures06.60.EiSamplepreparation?includingdesignofsampleholders?06.60.JnHigh-speedtechniques
?microsecondtofemtosecond?06.60.MrTestingandinspectingprocedures06.60.SxPositioningandalignment;manipulating,remotehandling06.60.Vz
Workshopprocedures?welding,machining,lubrication,bearings,etc.?
06.60.WaLaboratorysafetyprocedures????Nationallaboratoryandfacilities,international
see01.52.?r06.90.?v
Othertopicsinmetrology,measurements,andlaboratoryprocedures?restrictedtonewtopicsinsection06…
07.Instruments,apparatus,and
componentscommontoseveralbranchesofphysicsandastronomy(seealsoeachsubdisciplineforspecializedinstrumentationandtechniques)
07.05.àtComputersinexperimentalphysics
????Computerssee01.50.Htinandphysics01.50.Lceducation,????Computational02.70.?c—inmathematicaltechniques,see
methodsinphysics
????Quantuminquantumcomputation,mechanics
see03.67.Lx07.05.Bx
Computersystems:hardware,operatingsystems,computerlanguages,andutilities07.05.DzControlsystems
07.05.FbDesignofexperiments
07.05.HdDataacquisition:hardwareandsoftware
07.05.Kf
Dataanalysis:algorithmsandimplementation;datamanagement
07.05.MhNeuralnetworks,fuzzylogic,arti?cialintelligence
07.05.Pj
Imageprocessing(seealso42.30.Vainoptics;87.57.?sMedicalimaging:generalinbiologicalandmedicalphysics)07.05.RmDatapresentationandvisualization:algorithmsandimplementation07.05.TpComputermodelingandsimulation07.05.WrComputerinterfaces
07.07.àaGeneralequipment
07.07.Df
Sensors?chemical,optical,
electrical,movement,gas,etc.?;remotesensing
07.07.HjDisplayandrecordingequipment,oscilloscopes,TVcameras,etc.07.07.MpTransducers
07.07.TwServoandcontrolequipment;robots07.07.VxHygrometers
07.10.àhMechanicalinstrumentsandequipment
07.10.Cm
Micromechanicaldevicesandsystems(formicro-andnano-electromechanicalsystems(MEMS/NEMS),see85.85.?jinelectronicandmagneticdevices)07.10.FqVibrationisolation
07.10.LwBalancesystems,tensilemachines,etc.
07.10.PzInstrumentsforstrain,force,andtorque
07.20.ànThermalinstrumentsandapparatus07.20.DtThermometers
07.20.FwCalorimeters(forcalorimetersasradiationdetectors,see29.40.Vj)07.20.HyFurnaces;heaters
07.20.KaHigh-temperatureinstrumentation;pyrometers
07.20.McCryogenics;refrigerators,low-temperatureequipment
07.20.PeHeatengines;heatpumps;heatpipes
07.30.àtVacuumapparatus
07.30.BxDegasi?cation,residualgas07.30.CyVacuumpumps07.30.DzVacuumgauges
07.30.HdVacuumtestingmethods;leakdetectors
07.30.KfVacuumchambers,auxiliaryapparatus,andmaterials07.35.?kHigh-pressureapparatus;shocktubes;diamondanvilcells07.50.àeElectricalandelectronicinstrumentsandcomponents07.50.Ek
Circuitsandcircuitcomponents(seealso84.30.?rElectroniccircuitsand84.32.?yPassivecircuitcomponents)
07.50.HpElectricalnoiseandshieldingequipment07.50.LsElectrometers
07.50.Qx
Signalprocessingelectronics(seealso84.40.Uainradiowaveandmicrowavetechnology)
07.55.àwMagneticinstrumentsand
components07.55.Db
Generationofmagnetic?elds;magnets(forsuperconductingmagnets,see84.71.Ba)
07.55.GeMagnetometersformagnetic?eldmeasurements
07.55.Jg
Magnetometersforsusceptibility,magneticmoment,and
magnetizationmeasurements07.55.NkMagneticshieldingininstruments07.57.àc
Infrared,submillimeterwave,microwaveandradiowave
instrumentsandequipment(forinfraredandradiotelescopes,see95.55.Cs,95.55.Fw,and95.55.Jzinastronomy)
07.57.HmInfrared,submillimeterwave,
microwave,andradiowavesources07.57.Kp
Bolometers;infrared,submillimeterwave,microwave,andradiowavereceiversanddetectors(seealso85.60.GzPhotodetectorsin
electronicandmagneticdevices,and95.55.RgPhotoconductorsandbolometersinastronomy)
07.57.Pt
Submillimeterwave,microwaveandradiowavespectrometers;
magneticresonancespectrometers,auxiliaryequipment,andtechniques07.57.TyInfraredspectrometers,auxiliaryequipment,andtechniques07.60.àjOpticalinstrumentsandequipment
???????
?
OpticalOpticalsources,see42.72.?gsystemselements,42.79.?e
devices,and???????
?
OpticalOptoelectronictelescopes,devicessee95.55.Cs85.60.?q
07.60.DqPhotometers,radiometers,andcolorimeters
07.60.FsPolarimetersandellipsometers07.60.HvRefractometersandre?ectometers07.60.LyInterferometers
07.60.Pb
Conventionalopticalmicroscopes(fornear-?eldscanningopticalmicroscopes,see07.79.Fc;forx-raymicroscopes,see07.85.Tt)07.60.RdVisibleandultravioletspectrometers
07.60.VgFiber-opticinstruments(seealso42.81.?iFiberoptics—inoptics)07.64.?z
Acousticinstrumentsand
equipment(seealso43.58.?z—inacoustics)
4
07.68.?mPhotography,photographic
instruments;xerography07.75.?h
Massspectrometers(seealso
82.80.Ms,82.80.Nj,and82.80.Rtinphysicalchemistryandchemicalphysics)
07.77.ànAtomic,molecular,andcharged-particlesourcesanddetectors07.77.Gx
Atomicandmolecularbeamsourcesanddetectors(seealso39.10.?jinatomicandmolecularphysics)
07.77.Ka
Charged-particlebeamsourcesanddetectors(seealso29.40.?ninnuclearphysics)
07.78.?s
Electron,positron,andionmicroscopes;electrondiffractometers
07.79.àv
Scanningprobemicroscopesandcomponents(seealso68.37.?dinsurfacesandinterfaces)
07.79.CzScanningtunnelingmicroscopes07.79.FcNear-?eldscanningopticalmicroscopes
07.79.LhAtomicforcemicroscopes07.79.PkMagneticforcemicroscopes07.79.SpFrictionforcemicroscopes07.81.?a
Electronandionspectrometers(seealso29.30.?hinnuclearphysics)
07.85.àmX-and?-rayinstruments(forx-and?-raytelescopes,see95.55.Kainastronomy)
07.85.FvX-and?-raysources,mirrors,
gratings,anddetectors
07.85.JyDiffractometers
07.85.NcX-rayand?-rayspectrometers07.85.QeSynchrotronradiationinstrumentation07.85.TtX-raymicroscopes
07.87.?v
Spaceborneandspaceresearchinstruments,apparatus,andcomponents?satellites,spacevehicles,etc.…(foraeronomyandmagnetosphericinstrumentation,see94.80.?g;seealso95.55.Fwand95.40.?sinastronomy)07.88.?y
Instrumentsforenvironmentalpollutionmeasurements
07.89.?bEnvironmentaleffectson
instruments?e.g.,radiationandpollutioneffects…(for
environmentaleffectsonopticalelements,devices,andsystems,see42.88.?h)
07.90.?cOthertopicsininstruments,apparatus,andcomponentscommontoseveralbranchesofphysicsandastronomy?restrictedtonewtopicsinsection07…
10.THEPHYSICSOFELEMENTARYPARTICLESANDFIELDS(forcosmicrays,see96.40.?zinastronomy;forexperimentalmethodsandinstrumentationforelementary-particlephysics,see11.Generaltheoryof?eldsand
particles(seealso03.65.?wQuantummechanicsand03.70.?kTheoryofquantized?elds)
11.10.àzFieldtheory(forgauge?eldtheories,see11.15.?q)11.10.CdAxiomaticapproach11.10.EfLagrangianandHamiltonianapproach11.10.GhRenormalization
11.10.HiRenormalizationgroupevolutionofparameters
11.10.JjAsymptoticproblemsandproperties11.10.Kk
Fieldtheoriesindimensionsotherthanfour(seealso04.50.?hGravityinmorethanfourdimensions;04.60.KzLowerdimensionalmodelsinquantumgravity)
11.10.Lm
Nonlinearornonlocaltheoriesandmodels(seealso11.27.?dExtendedclassicalsolutions;cosmicstrings,domainwalls,texture)
11.10.NxNoncommutative?eldtheory11.10.StBoundandunstablestates;Bethe–Salpeterequations
11.10.WxFinite-temperature?eldtheory????Relativistic03.65.Pm
waveequations,see11.15.àqGauge?eldtheories
11.15.BtGeneralpropertiesofperturbationtheory
11.15.ExSpontaneousbreakingofgaugesymmetries
11.15.HaLatticegaugetheory(seealso
12.38.GcLatticeQCDcalculations)11.15.KcClassicalandsemiclassicaltechniques
11.15.MeStrong-couplingexpansions
11.15.PgExpansionsforlargenumbersofcomponents?e.g.,1/Ncexpansions?11.15.TkOthernonperturbativetechniques11.25.àw
Stringsandbranes(forcosmicstrings,see98.80.Cqincosmology;seealso11.27.?dExtended
classicalsolutions;cosmicstrings,domainwalls,texture)
11.25.DbPropertiesofperturbationtheory11.25.HfConformal?eldtheory,algebraicstructures
11.25.MjCompacti?cationandfour-dimensionalmodels11.25.PmNoncriticalstringtheory
11.25.SqNonperturbativetechniques;string?eldtheory
11.25.TqGauge/stringduality11.25.Uv
Dbranes
section29)11.25.WxStringandbranephenomenology11.25.YbMtheory
11.27.?d
Extendedclassicalsolutions;cosmicstrings,domainwalls,texture(seealso98.80.Cqincosmology;11.25.?wStringsandbranes)
11.30.àjSymmetryandconservationlaws(seealso02.20.?aGrouptheory)
11.30.CpLorentzandPoincare
′invariance11.30.ErChargeconjugation,parity,time
reversal,andotherdiscretesymmetries
11.30.FsGlobalsymmetries?e.g.,baryonnumber,leptonnumber?11.30.HvFlavorsymmetries11.30.LyOtherinternalandhighersymmetries
11.30.Na
Nonlinearanddynamical
symmetries?spectrum-generatingsymmetries?
11.30.PbSupersymmetry(seealso12.60.JvSupersymmetricmodels)11.30.QcSpontaneousandradiativesymmetrybreaking11.30.RdChiralsymmetries
11.40.àqCurrentsandtheirproperties11.40.DwGeneraltheoryofcurrents11.40.Ex
Formalpropertiesofcurrent
algebras(seealso12.39.FeChiralLagrangians)
11.40.Ha
Partiallyconservedaxial-vectorcurrents
11.55.àmS-matrixtheory;analytic
structureofamplitudes11.55.BqAnalyticpropertiesofSmatrix11.55.DsExactSmatrices11.55.FvDispersionrelations11.55.HxSumrules
11.55.Jy
Reggeformalism(seealso
12.40.Nninstronginteractions)
11.80.àmRelativisticscatteringtheory11.80.Cr
Kinematicalproperties?helicityandinvariantamplitudes,kinematicsingularities,etc.?11.80.EtPartial-waveanalysis11.80.Fv
Approximations?eikonalapproximation,variationalprinciples,etc.?11.80.GwMultichannelscattering
11.80.JyMany-bodyscatteringandFaddeevequation
11.80.La
Multiplescattering
5
11.90.?t
Othertopicsingeneraltheoryof?eldsandparticles?restrictedtonewtopicsinsection11…
12.Speci?ctheoriesand
interactionmodels;particlesystematics
12.10.àg
Uni?ed?eldtheoriesandmodels(seealso04.50.?h—ingeneralrelativityandgravitation,11.25.MjCompacti?cationandfour-dimensionalmodels)
12.10.DmUni?edtheoriesandmodelsof
strongandelectroweakinteractions
12.10.KtUni?cationofcouplings;mass
relations
12.15.àyElectroweakinteractions????Extensionssector,see12.60.CnofgaugeororHiggs12.60.Fr
12.15.Ff
Quarkandleptonmassesand
mixing(seealso14.60.PqNeutrinomassandmixing)
12.15.HhDeterminationof
Kobayashi–Maskawamatrixelements
12.15.JiApplicationsofelectroweakmodels
tospeci?cprocesses
12.15.LkElectroweakradiativecorrections
(seealso13.40.KsElectromagneticcorrectionstostrong-andweak-interactionprocesses)
12.15.MmNeutralcurrents
12.20.àmQuantumelectrodynamics12.20.DsSpeci?ccalculations
12.20.FvExperimentaltests(foropticaltests
inquantumelectrodynamics,see42.50.Xa)12.38.àtQuantumchromodynamics
????Quarks,andnucleargluons,processes,andQCDseein24.85.nuclei?p12.38.AwGeneralpropertiesofQCD?dynamics,con?nement,etc.?12.38.BxPerturbativecalculations
12.38.CySummationofperturbationtheory12.38.GcLatticeQCDcalculations(seealso11.15.HaLatticegaugetheory)12.38.LgOthernonperturbativecalculations12.38.Mh
Quark–gluonplasma(seealso25.75.NqQuarkdecon?nement,quark–gluonplasmaproductionandphasetransitionsinrelativisticheavyioncollisions)12.38.QkExperimentaltests
12.39.àxPhenomenologicalquarkmodels12.39.Ba
Bagmodel
PACS代码
