2014年考研英语二真题及解析 - 图文 

That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of blackandwhite photographs and relatively few natural objects. Long is Britain's bestknown Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brickstrewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time. Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard's very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph. Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn't apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman's yellowtinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash. In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can't help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful blackandwhite photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn't about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscapeorientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallerybound as the paintings of Turner and Constable. [A] originates from a long walk that the artist took 41. Stone Circle [B] illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art 42. Olaf StreetStudy [C] reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition. 43. Across the Park [D] represents the elegance of the British land art 44. Towards Avebury [E] depicts the ordinary side of the British land art 45. Seven days [F] embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoors [G] contains images from different parts of the same photograph. Section III Translation Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. 6

Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down --- say, after giving a bad lecture ——he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction.

He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. Section IV Writing Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to 1) tell him about your living habits, and 2) ask for advice about living there.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points) Part B

48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, You should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

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2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解

Section Ⅰ Use of English 文章分析

本文是一篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。第一段引出作者对身材的看法：并不是越瘦就证明人越健康。第二段中作者介绍了一种定义肥胖症的指标BMI。第三段中作者指出BMI其实揭示的是人体的脂肪量，并不是说明身材好坏的指数。第四段中讲述了整个社会其实会给肥胖者贴上消极标签，无论是在电视节目中还是在孩子们的心目中，胖人的形象总是与消极联系起来。最后一段讲述了人们以健康的角度去考虑肥胖的影响，和已经采取的一些对抗肥胖的种种策略。 试题解析

Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have __1__ that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are healthy conditions for which being overweight is actually __2__. For example, heavierwomen are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. __3__, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an __4__ of good health.

【译文】太瘦也不总是好事。一些研究已经得出结论：正常体重的人实际上比一些超重的人更容易患上某些疾病。有些肥胖对健康还有保护作用。例如稍微超重的女性跟消瘦的女性相比，不易受到钙质缺乏的影响。同样的，在老年人中，一定程度上超重是身体健康的标志。 1.

[A] denied 否认 [B] concluded得出结论 [C] doubled两倍，加倍努力 [D] ensured 确保 【答案】B 【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“一系列的研究已经________，事实上，正常体重的人患病风险要高于超重的人”。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究结论，因此B项concluded符合题意。

【命题思路】本题根据上下文所给信息判断答案，同时也考查考生对相近含义的词汇辨析。

【干扰排除】A项denied“否认”，与原文意义相反；C项doubled“翻倍”，与题意较远；D项ensured“确保”，不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。 2.

[A] protective防护的，保护的 [B] dangerous危险的 [C] sufficient足够的，充分的 [D] troublesome 麻烦的 【答案】A 【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有________”。根据前文研究的结论，下文的举例说明是对该句的具体论述。综上可知，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。 【命题思路】本题根据上下文所给信息判断答案，同时也考查考生对形容词的辨析。

【干扰排除】句首以And 开头，说明在语义上该句与上一句是并列相关的，强调肥胖对健康的好处。B项 dangerous“危险的”，与文章意思相反；C项 sufficient“充足的”，D项troublesome“麻烦的”，不符合题意。

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3.

[A] Instead代替，反而 [B] However然而，不管怎样 [C] Likewise同样地 [D] Therefore因此 【答案】C 【考点】逻辑关系

【直击答案】第四、五句话举例说明。“体重较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。________，在老年人中，一定程度上超重是身体健康的________”。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A项Instead和B项However表示逆接的句意关系，D项Therefore表示因果关系。只有C项Likewise“同样地；也，而且”，表示顺接关系，符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义关系的理解。

【干扰排除】这个题目的难点在于为什么不能将最后一句理解为跟上文相反的转折关系呢，比如：然而，在老年人中，一定程度上超重是身体健康的(克星/障碍)，但是下文的第四个空给的备选词并没有类似括号里我们猜测的消极含义词汇，所以，所猜想的转折语义关系也不成立，只能选表示顺接关系的词汇likewise。 4.

[A] indicator指标 [B] objective目标 [C] origin来源

[D] example实例；例证 【答案】A 【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“同样的，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的________”。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A项。 【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义的正确把握。

【干扰排除】干扰性强的是B项， 有考生会将其理解为“客观物质”，但原文结构中此处需要一个名词，objective“客观的”是形容词， objective作名词时意为“目标”，另有考生被形近词objection“反对”干扰。

Of even greater __5__ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined __6__ body mass index, or BMI. BMI __7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, __8__, can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

【译文】需要更加关注是，很难对肥胖加以定义。肥胖经常根据身体质量指数来定义，或叫做BMI，它等于身体重量除以身高平方。正常成年人的是BMI 值应该在18～25之间。25～30的话视为超重。30以上视为肥胖。肥胖依次能够分为中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。 5.

[A] impact影响，效果 [B] relevance 相关性 [C] assistance辅助 [D] concern 关系，关心 【答案】D 【考点】词义辨析

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【直击答案】空格所在句意为“需要更加________是，很难对肥胖加以定义”。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥胖的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D项。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义的正确把握。

【干扰排除】A项impact“影响，效果”，B项relevance“相关性”，C项assistance“辅助”此处空格前有even greater 来修饰，将这几个干扰项的名词含义代入检测，都与上文没有必要的相关性，所以都不可作为答案。 6.

[A] in terms of 依据，根据 [B] in case of 万一，假设 [C] in favor of 有利于，支持 [D] in respect of 关于，涉及 【答案】A 【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“肥胖经常________体质指数，或称为BMI来定义”。下文根据BMI指数的不同对肥胖进行了分级。由此可知，BMI是一种根据。A项 in terms of意为“根据…… ，就…… 而言”，符合句意，为正确答案。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查常见词组的辨析。

【干扰排除】B项in case of“万一，假设”，C项in favor of“赞成，以……来取代”，D项in respect of “关于”。将此三项代入文中，均不符合题意。这些短语的考查频率非常高，有些已经成为真题中常见的干扰项，同学们在复习时要加强记忆。 7.

[A] measures测量 [B] determines决定 [C] equals等同于 [D] modifies修改 【答案】C 【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“BMI________体重除以身高的平方”。此处用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以equals符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查动词辨析。

【干扰排除】A 项是强干扰项，有考生看到空格后面是一些计算BMI的方法，可能在不太清楚句意的时候会联想到“测量”的概念，实际上这里需要选择“所指，等同于”的概念。 8.

[A] in essence本质上 [B] in contrast 相反 [C] in turn 轮流，依次 [D] in part 部分地 【答案】C 【考点】词义辨析

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