course being taught. 答案：F
对应原文 “Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. ”
Most college professors 和agree 和depends on原词复现 ； the kind of 对应the type of course 对应subject.
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago. 答案：A
“So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.” left undone 对应dropped out of four decades ago 对应forty years ago
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time. 答案：J
对应“I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test” “free time” 原词重现 “using ”对应“eat up”
Section C Passage One
46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect? 答案：D) In what way it can be beneficial.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为first-night effect，researchers, puzzling。据此定位到第二段第二句“The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it”，句子大意为：（研究者的）困惑是将会从中获得什么利益、好处。可见，D选项为正确答案，“beneficial”是对原文中“benefit”的同义替换。A选项借第一段第一句“trouble sleeping”干扰，该句是first-night effect的定义，且不在定位范围内；B选项借第二段第一句“how human evolved”干扰，不是puzzle的内容；C选项借第三段第一句的“the surrounding environment”干扰，是实验相关内容，不在定位范围内。
47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? 答案：C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins
此题为推理题。题干关键词为Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research，因关键词为全文话题，定位价值不大，所以可用反证法通过选项关键词来定位，选项共同的关键词为birds and dolphins。据此定位到第二段第三句“She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins…”，句子大意为她可从之前对鸟类和海豚的研究中得出一些成果，这让她想研究人
是否也会做同样的事。可见，C选项为正确答案，是对原文的同义替换。A选项的错误在于asleep（熟睡的）与原文“put half of their brains to sleep”（半睡的状态），意思不符；BD选项的错误在于“sleeping way”和“sleeping pattern”表述不够具体、清楚。
48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为Dr. Sasaki, first experiment, do（做法）。“first experiment”在原文中没有原词复现，但根据句意，可知定位处在第二段第四句“this led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing”后。根据后面原文 “The participants … monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. ”可知，A选项为正确答案。B选项将原文的“35 healthy people”和“Department of Psychological Sciences”杂糅; C选项的错误在于原文并没有分析大脑的两半的区别；D选项是研究的目的，而非实验中的做法，答非所问。
49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment? 答案：C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为Dr. Sasaki和re-runing her experiment。据此定位到第三段第一句话后半段“while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps of the same and irreugular beeps of a different tone” , C选项是对该句的概括，符合文意。A选项的错误在于干扰睡眠的是irregular beeps, 而非irregular tones; B选项的错误在于没有提及记录实验参与者对变化环境的适应；D选项的错误在于原文未提及不同的实验参与者。
50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? 答案：B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为Dr. Sasaki, the participants, find（研究结果）。据此定位到“she worked out that…”后，根据“it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep”可知不规律的蜂鸣声会扰乱睡眠，B选项符合文意。A选项的错误在于原文并没有说tones对睡眠有影响；C选项的错误在于sleepy（困乏的），无中生有；D选项的错误在于原文并未提及不同的人对不规律的音调的容忍度不同。
Passage Two
51. What does the author say is the problem with women?
答案：D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为problem, women。据此定位到第一段第一、二句，“being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life”,该句大意为“女性为家庭、为工作过度付出将不会使她们过上想要的生活”，D选项符合文意。A选项的错误在于原文并没有说女性不清楚自己的职业目标；B选项的错误在于原文并没有将女性对家庭和对工作的付出做比较；C选项的错误在于over-optimistic（过度乐观）无中生有。
52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?
答案： A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为working women of child-bearing age, feel drained of energy, why（原因）。据此定位到第三段第二句“one reason women may feel exhausted is that…”后，根据“women want to be able to do it all…”，可知，A选项符合文意，女性努力满足工作和家庭需求。B选项只强调过分投入工作，以偏概全；C选项的错误在于借第三段liked by their colleagues干扰，但与同事合作原文并未提及；D选项，过度推理，文中并没有说女性的责任太多。
53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women? 答案：A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为future prospect, career women, hinder（阻碍因素）。据此定位到第三段第二句，“Unfortunately，this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s health as well as their career. A选项符合文意。BCD原文未提及。
54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______. 答案：C) men tend to put their personal interests first
此题为细节题。题干关键词为men and women, approach to resolving workplace conflicts, in that（原因）。据此定位到第五段第三句“Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most”，据此选择C选项, 男人倾向于以个人利益为先。ABD无中生有。
55. What is important to a good leader? 答案：B) The ability to delegate.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为a good leader, important。据此定位到最后一段第二句“Leaders have to be able to delegate…”，可知，B选项符合文意。ACD原文未提及。
Part Ⅳ Translation
华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。
Located in Huayin City, Mount Hua is 120 kilometers away from Xi’an. Mount Hua is a part of Qinling Mountains, which not only separates the southern and northern parts of Shaanxi but also the South and North China. Unlike Taishan Mountain, where people often go to worship, there used to be few people going to Mount Hua as the roads to the mountains are extremely dangerous. However, people who wish to live longer often climb mountains as there are many herbs on them, especially some rare ones. Since cable cars were installed in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased dramatically.
乍一看，这篇翻译有点难，其实里面很多单词在以前的真题中都出现过。比如说，华南（South China)，华北（North China).，稀有的药草(rare herbs)，某地位于什么地方(be located in)等等。 第一句：华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。Located in Huayin City, Mount Hua is 120 kilometers away from Xi’an.
第二句：华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。Mount Hua is a part of Qinling Mountains, which not only separates the southern and northern parts of Shaanxi but also the South and North China.秦岭直接译为Qinling Mountains，陕南与陕北就是指陕西的南部和北部the southern and northern parts of Shaanxi
第三句：与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。Unlike Taishan Mountain, where people often go to worship, there used to be few people going to Mount Hua as the roads to the mountains are extremely dangerous.
第四句：然而，希望长寿的人去经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。However, people who wish to live longer often climb mountains as there are many herbs on them, especially some rare ones.
第五句：自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参加人数大大增加。
Since cable cars were installed in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased dramatically.
2017年12月四级真题答案及解析（第一套完整版）
