新高考下的英语定语从句

定语从句

考纲要求：

掌握定语从句的基本知识；区分定语从句和名词性从句的性质和用法。

在具体的语境中考查非限制性定语从句的引导词以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；设置语境，考查抽象地点或时间概念的名词作先行词时关系副词的选择，甚至通过增加先行词的隐蔽性来增加试题的难度；考查定语从句的特殊句型，即：特定词汇+of whom/which 引导的定语从句。

定语从句分类 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 作主语:which/that/who/as 关系词 定 语 从 句 关系代词 作表语:which/that/whom/as 作宾语:which/that/whom/as 作定语:whose 关系副词 关系代词+定语从句 句式 关系副词+定语从句 介词+关系代词+定语从句 as/which+非限定性定语从句 只用that的情况 注意 只用which的情况 定语从句中的主谓一致 关系词的省略

复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从的连接词有关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as 和关系副词when, why, where等。 这些关系代词或关系副词有替代先行词，连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当成分三个作用。 定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。

限制性从句是句子不可缺少的部分，主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，去掉不影响主句意思的完整性。一般用逗号把主从句分开。关系代词that不可以引导非限定性定语从句，其他可引导定语从句的连词均可引导非限定性定语从句。

作状语:when/where/why 1 / 11

先行词 ： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。有时先行词是关系代词前的整个句子。

1.当先行词是人：

关系词要用who, whom, that, whose等，其中who/that 在从句中课充当主语或宾语，whom在从句中只能充当宾语，whose在从句中充当定语,不可省略(of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词+of whom。)

This is the man who/that can speak several foreign language.（who/that 在从句中作主语，不可省略）

I like the girl (who/whom/that)you referred to yesterday.(who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语，可省略）

The government tried to help the old woman whose son (of whom the son/the son of whom）died in the war. [注意：whose与所修饰名词之间无任何冠词，否则要用of whom] 注意：

? 若连接词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，代替人必须用whom，且不可省略 There is nobody in the street to whom I can turn for help.(turn to sb for help 求助于某人) ? 若介词在后面，则who, whom或that均可引导从句，且可以省略。 There is nobody in the street that /who/whom I can turn to for help. （填一填）The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. ? 在下列情况下多用who或whom,而不用that

① 先行词是all, anyone, one, ones, those, people等时

All who can dance well will be invited.（who在从句中作主语）

Those who (whom)he knows will be invited.(who/whom在从句中作宾语） ② 在被分割的定语从句中

A new teacher will come who will teach us English. ③ 在there be句型中

There is a girl who wants to see you.

④ 一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用that引导，为了避免重复，另一个用who. Every student that is from China who likes English will have a chance to get a book.

2.当先行词是物：

连接词要用which，that，whose，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语；whose在从句中作定语，后直接跟名词，无冠词，若有则用of which。（whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中做定语,相当于my, his, her, its, their 等修饰人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词+of which或 of which+名词。）

The building which/that stands in the center is our school library.（which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略）

This is the book (which/that)you want.(which/that 在句中作宾语，可以省略）

The building whose window (of which the window)faces south is our school library.(作定语） （填一填）Look out! Don't get close to the house ________ roof is under repair. 注意：

? 如果关系代词在句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，必须用which，且不可省略。

The house in which I live is near yours.

The house (that/which )I live in is near yours.

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? 非限定性定语从句中不用that引导

（填一填）The newly-built cafe, the walls of _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. ? 宜用that，不宜用which的情况

① 先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing, much, little, few, none ,the one等或被any ,no, the only, the very（恰好）,the last, just, every 等词修饰时，只能用that，但是先行词时something时，用that或which都可以。

Have you written down everything that Mr. Smith said? There is nothing that will stop us making progress. This is the very book that I want.

This is the only problem that we can't work out.

② 先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

（填一填）The first place _______ I visited in Beijing is the Great Wall, ________ is the greatest place _______ I have ever visited. ③ 先行词为特殊疑问词who，which等时

Who that can climb up to the top of the hill first will get the red flag. Which is the T-shirt that fit me well? ④ 先行词既有人又有物时

We are talking about the man and his interesting stories that moved us all.

⑤ 当先行词为the way, the time, the period 等时，关系代词常用that，但通常被省略。 This is the last time(that) I shall help you.

⑥ 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时 Our village isn't the small quiet place that it used to be. ? 宜用which，不宜用that的场合

① 引导非限制性定语从句which可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事” Tom came back, which made us happy.

② 一个句子中有两个定语时，为了避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. ③ 在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.

3.when, where, why 引导的定语从句

关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，在定语从句中一般不可省略

先行词 时间名词 地点名词 只有reason 关系副词 when where why 在从句中的作用 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 I know the reason why he is late.（why在从句中作原因状语）

This is the house where I have lived for five years.（where 在从句中作地点状语）

I will remember the day when I was admitted into this university.（when在从句中作时间状语） （填一填）The girl was arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _______ she would stay for an hour. 3 / 11

1) when的用法

when代替\+which\在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常是time, day, morning, hour, night, week, year等

I'll never forget the time when I won the prize.

October 1st ,1949 was the day when/on which the People's Republic of China was founded. 2) where的用法

where代替“in/at/on/under等+which”在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词通常是表地点的词：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。 Is this the place where they fought the enemy? Wenzhou is the city where I was born.

It has to be a place where we can do lots of outdoor activities.

3) why 的用法 why 指原因，引导的从句修饰名词reason。Why代替表原因的“介词+which”，也可用that替换或省略。

I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today. Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 注意：

? 在适当的情况下，when和where可与in which，on which，at which等互换。

I will remember the day on which I was admitted into this university.

? 当表示时间，地点和原因的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，不用when/where/why，

而用that/which

I will never forget the days(that/which)I spent with your family。 I know a place which/ that is famous for apples.

This is the house (which/ that) I have lived in for five years. （that, which 在从句中作介词宾语）

This is the house in which I have lived for five years. （which 在从句中作介词宾语，且介词提前）

The boss didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he explained.（that, which 在从句中作宾语） ? Where作名词时，可与from连用

His head soon appear out of the window, from where he could see nothing but trees. ? It’s the first time that….句型中，that是习惯用法。

It’s the first time that I have been to Beijing.（同时要注意该句型中从句的时态必须用现在完成时。若主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had been to Beijing.）

? The reason why…is that 句型

The reason why he was late was that he missed the earliest bus.

4.as引导的定语从句

? as 用作关系代词引导限定性定语从句，构成such/so…as, the same…as 等结构

I like the same book as you do.

注意:the same 也可以和连词that，when，where连用。

as和that在从句中充当主语或宾语，但用连词as引导从句时上下文所提到的是类似的两个事物；that引导从句时，上下文所提到的是完全等同的一个事物。

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This is the same bike as I lost.（as在从句中作宾语，且指两辆类似的车）

This is the same bike that I lost, so I take it home.（that在从句中作宾语，且指同一辆） where和when等连接副词在从句中充当状语，如：

This is the same place where we had the party that day.（where在从句中作状语） ? so /such 也可和that 连用，意思是“如此...以至于”；that只起连接作用，在从句中

不充当任何成分。如：

It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.（as 在从句中作宾语）

比较：It is so difficult a problem that no one can work it out.（that在从句中不充当成分） ? as 还可引导非限定性定性从句，在从句中作主语，表语或者宾语，代替整个句子意思。

As we all know, Taiwan belongs to China. He ,as it is ,turned out to be first.

高考中与as有关的考法：

as与which在引导定语从句时的区别(二者区别是:as位置比较灵活，可放句首，可放句末，有时也放在句子相当于插入语使用，常构成句型：as is known to all; as is expected; as it turned out等。而which只可放在后面，as可翻译成“正如＂，而which从句与主句则有潜含的因果关系.)

as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换 He married her, as(which)was natural.

as 位置比较灵活，下面是与which的具体区别

1) as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，而which则不能。

As we know, more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water, 2) as表示“正如，正像”，而which无此意。

此时，as从句中常有know, expect, happen, point out, plan, suggest等单词或短语。 He came back home late, as we expected. As is point out, this is a grammar problem.

3) 当先行词被the same，such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。

I’ll give you such things as you may need. He is not the same man as he was. 4) as仍然保持作连词时的某种含义

David is tall, as are my brothers.

as 引导的定语从句，常见的结构有： as is often the case情况常是如此 as often happens 这种情况常发生

as has been said before 这些以前都说过 as may be imagined 这可以想象的出来 as might be expected 这是可能预料到的 as has been pointed out 这是已经指出的

as is well known=as we all know这是众所周知的 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as you see=as can be seen 看得出来

5) 先行词为the same 时通常用as引导，有时也可以用that引导

I had the same difficulty as you had last year.

He told the same story here that she told in her house.

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