英语基础知识系列复习
第一讲 冠词
1.掌握冠词的基本用法 2.掌握冠词的固定搭配
3.掌握抽象n.具体化的现象 4.掌握表示类别的方法
Ⅰ 不定冠词的使用场合
1. a+辅音字母开头的单词（指发音） an+元音字母开头的单词（指发音）
eg. a unit 一个单元∕单位 an egg an x-ray a useful book an hour an honour a university student an honest boy a European a one-eyed monkey
2.说话双方只要有一方心里不清楚或不知道的人或事物n.之前用不定冠词，表泛指 eg. A Mr.Smith wants to see you .
比较: Mr.Smith wants to see you .(说话者均认识Mr.Smith) eg. —Hello,could I speak to Mr.Smith?
--Sorry,wrong number.There isn’t ____ Mr.Smith here. A.不填 B.a C.the D.one (强调数量) B
eg. --Have you seen _____pen ? I left it here this morning. --Is it _____black one ?I think I saw it somewhere . A.a,the B.the,the C.a,a C
3.不定冠词在意义上相当于every或per（表示每一个），用于价格，时间，速度，比率
等表达式中。
eg.They cost 50 pence (便士)a kilo(公斤)。 I can tape 50 words a minate.
He was driving at 50 miles an hour .
4. a most…：一个非常、极其… ；the most …最（高级） eg. a most(=very) interesting book Soccer is a most popular game.
eg. Hangzhou is _____most beautiful sity, where you can see ____famous
West Lake. A.a,the B.a,/ C.the,a A
eg.This is the most interesting novel I have ever read. 5.不定冠词与序数词连用
a second/third 再一……又一……
the first /second……last 第几若干个 eg.You may try a second time if you fail .
He is always the first to come to school .(序数词后接动词不定式作宾语) eg. The cakes are deliciours .He’d like to have __a___ third one …… 6.表职业
eg.I am a teacher.
eg.When he left college ,he got a job as __a__repoter in a mewspaper office. eg.He turned thief ,which made his parents very sad .
(系动词turn作“变…，成为……”讲时，后接不加冠词的任何单数名次。) 7.（be）of a/an +单数名词：属于同一的 既可作表语，又可作后置定语 eg. We’re of an age.我们同岁。
eg. Birds of a father flock together .物以类聚 =Things __of_a_kind__come together. 8. so/how/as/too/no+adj.+a(n)+单n.
eg:This is so tall building that we can see the whole city when we stand on
the top of it.
eg. How clever a boy he is !
eg. Tom is as clever a boy as Jack.
eg. This is too small box to hold all these things. eg. This is no more interesting a film than that one . ?This film is no more interesting than that one . 9. 首次提到的可数单数名词前用a，再次提到用“the”
eg.He lent me a book yesterday.The book is not interesting at all.
eg.I was born in a small village and great changes have taken place in the
village in the last few years. 10.短语（不定冠词）
as a result all of a sudden 突然 as a matter of fact as a rule一贯 as a whole in a word 总之 get in a word 插话
once upon a time 从前 have a good time 玩得开心 have a word with 与
某人交谈 a wast of 对…的浪费（常作表语） at a time 每一次（若干个） at one time 曾经（一段时间） at a distance 隔开一些（距离）
from a distance 从远方，从远处 in a hurry匆匆忙忙的 in a way 在某种意义上 in a temper 生气地 once in a while 偶尔 have a pain 疼痛
do sb. a favour have a try 试一试 make a living 谋生 take a chance 冒险
keep an eye on 照看… take an interesting in 对什么感兴趣
on a large scale大规模的 keep sth a secret 对……保密
Ⅱ 定冠词的使用场合
1. 当某一n。被介词短语或定从限制时，表示特指用“the” eg.The shoes under the bad are mine.
The factory which you visited a few days ago caught fire last night. 2. 表示说话双方心里都清楚的人或事物n.前用“the” eg.Open the window,please.
I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon . ---Where’s Jack ?
---I think he’s still in _不填_bed,but he might just be in _the__bathroom. 3.用于世界上独一无二的事物n.前
the sun/ moon /earth /world/ sky /star / universe /sea / atmosphere/
globe/ equator (赤道)
eg.a bright moon /star a peacefull word
eg.Wouldn’t it be _a_ wonderfull word if all nations(国家)lived in _不_peace
with one antother?
It is _a_ world of wonders ,_a_ world where anything can happen. 创造奇迹：work wonders 4.用于方位n.前
the east (west /north/south/right /left)
A. in the east of ……(在某一范围内)在……东部
eg.Japan lies in the east of Asia .
What’s it like working in the south of China ? B. on the east of ……(两地相连)在……东边
eg.Hebei province is on the east of Shanxi province. C. (to the )east of ……(不在同一区域内)在……以东 eg.TaiWan is to the east of Fujian province. D. at/on the right /left(在右边/左边) eg.He is sitting on my left.
F. turn/look/walk to the left /right表示方位的n.前有时可作adv The swallows(燕子)go south in the winter .
Turn (to the )left ,and you can see a post office .
题：At noon ,we reached _a_ small village__(to the)或不填__east of the town. Summer in _the_South of France are for the most part dry and summy. 5.用于表示自然现象的n.前
the wind/rain/smow /storm the weather/climate 注:a heavry rain a strong wind
6.用于表示某一类人的adj或分词前，表示这一类人的通称 The poor /rich/sick(病人)/living/dead/young…… 7.表乐器n.前
to play the violin /piano/guitar 8.表示娱乐场所的名词前
to go to the cinema/theatre/concert/evening party 9.用于彪发明物之前
eg.The compass was invented by the Chinese. 10.用于序数词及adj的最高级前
eg.---Who came out _不填_first in the London Marathon? 注：come out firsr (比赛或考试中)获得第一名 11.表示姓氏的复数n.前，表示“……一家人，……夫妇” eg.The Greens is/are going to China next month.
The Wangs quarreled with the Zhangs yestearday. 12.用于表示“……国人”的n前，表示该国人的统称.
eg.The Chinese 中国人 The English 英国人 13.用于表示计算单位的名词前
by the hour 按小时计算 by the dozen by the day 按天计算
注：by weight 按重量计算 by volume 按体积计算
Eg.Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
英语基础知识系列复习
