北京交通大学毕业设计（论文） 附录A
exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelt's new deal, imposed a five percent excise tax on dividend receipts, imposed a capital stock tax and an excess profits tax, and suspended all deductions for losses (June 16, 1933, ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195). The repeal in 1933 of the eighteenth amendment, which had prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol, brought in an estimated $90 million in new liquor taxes in 1934. The social security act of 1935 provided for a wage tax, half to be paid by the employee and half by the employer, to establish a federal retirement fund (Old Age Pension Act, Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620). The Wealth Tax Act, also known as the Revenue Act of 1935, increased the maximum tax rate to 79 percent, the Revenue Acts of 1940 and 1941 increased it to 81 percent, the Revenue Act of 1942 raised it to 88 percent, and the Individual Income Tax Act of 1944 raised the individual maximum rate to 94 percent. The post-World War II Revenue Act of 1945 reduced the individual maximum tax from 94 percent to 91 percent. The Revenue Act of 1950, during the korean war, reduced it to 84.4 percent, but it was raised the next year to 92 percent (Revenue Act of 1950, Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 994, Stat. 906). It remained at this level until 1964, when it 17
北京交通大学毕业设计（论文） 附录A
was reduced to 70 percent. The Revenue Act of 1954 revised the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, making major changes that were beneficial to the taxpayer, including providing for child care deductions (later changed to credits), an increase in the charitable contribution limit, a tax credit against taxable retirement income, employee deductions for business expenses, and liberalized depreciation deductions. From 1954 to 1962, the Internal Revenue Code was amended by 183 separate acts. In 1974 the employee retirement income security act (ERISA) created protections for employees whose employers promised specified pensions or other retirement contributions (Pub. L. No. 93-406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829). ERISA required that to be tax deductible, the employer's plan contribution must meet certain minimum standards as to employee participation and vesting and employer funding. ERISA also approved the use of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) to encourage tax-deferred retirement savings by individuals. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provided the largest tax cut up to that time, reducing the maximum individual rate from 70 percent to 50 percent (Pub. L. No. 97-34, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172). The most sweeping tax changes since world war ii were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This bill was signed into law by President ronald reagan and was designed to equalize the tax treatment of various assets, eliminate tax shelters, and lower marginal rates. Conservatives wanted the act to provide a single, low tax rate that could be applied to everyone. Although this single, flat rate was not included in the final bill, tax rates were reduced to 15 percent on the first $17,850 of income for singles and $29,750 for married couples, and set at 28 to 33 percent on remaining income. Many deductions were repealed, such as a deduction available to two-income married couples that had been used to avoid the \income tax return as a married couple rather than as individuals). Although the personal exemption exclusion was increased, an exemption for elderly and blind persons who itemize deductions was repealed. In addition, a special capital gains rate was repealed, as was an investment tax credit that had been introduced in 1962 by President john f. kennedy. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, the first budget and tax act enacted during the Clinton administration, was vigorously debated, and passed with only the minimum number of necessary votes. This law provided for income tax rates of 15, 28, 31, 36, and 39.6 percent on varying levels of income and for the taxation of social security income if the taxpayer receives other income over a certain level. In 2001 Congress enacted a major income tax cut at the urging of President george w. bush. Over the course of 11 years the law reduces marginal income tax rates across all levels of income. The 36 percent rate will be lowered to 33 percent, the 31 percent rate to 28 percent, the 28 percent rate to 25 percent. In addition, a new bottom 10 percent rate was created. Since the early 1980s, a flat-rate tax system rather than the graduated bracketed method has been proposed. (The graduated bracketed method is the one that has been used since graduated taxes were introduced: the percentage of tax differs based on the amount of taxable income.) The flat-rate system would impose one rate, such as 20 percent, on all income and would eliminate special deductions, credits, and exclusions. Despite firm support by some, the flat-rate tax has not been adopted in the United States. Regardless of the changes made by legislators since 1913, the basic formula for computing the amount of tax owed has remained basically the same. To determine the amount of income tax owed, certain deductions are taken from an individual's gross income to arrive at an adjusted gross income, from which additional deductions are taken to arrive at the taxable income. Once the amount of taxable income has been determined, tax rate charts determine the exact amount of tax owed. If the amount of tax owed is less than the amount already paid through tax prepayment or the withholding of taxes from paychecks, the taxpayer is entitled to a refund from the IRS. If 18
北京交通大学毕业设计（论文） 附录A
the amount of tax owed is more than what has already been paid, the taxpayer must pay the difference to the IRS. Calculating the gross income of restaurant employees whose income is partially derived from gratuities left by customers has led to disputes with the IRS and employers over how much they should contribute in federal insurance contribution act (fica) taxes. Although customers pay these tips directly to employees, federal law deems the tips to have been wages paid by the employer for FICA tax purposes. Employers are imputed to have paid large sums of money they never handled and for which they no way of ascertaining the exact amount. The Supreme Court, in United States v. Fior D'Italia, 536 U.S. 238, 122 S. Ct. 2117, 153 L. Ed. 2d 280 (2002), upheld the IRS \to make individual determinations of unreported tips for each employee when calculating FICA tax, the Court held that the IRS could make employers report their gross sales on a monthly statement to help determine tip income. Employees also must report their tip income monthly on a form. The IRS then uses these two pieces of information to calculate what the employer needs to contribute in FICA tax.
1. 基于的嵌入式C8051F单片机直流电动机反馈控制系统的设计与研究 2. 基于单片机Web服务器的研究 3. MOTOROLA单片机MC68HC（8）05PV8/A内嵌EEPROM的工艺和制程方法及对良率的影响研究 4. 基于模糊控制的电阻钎焊单片机温度控制系统的研制 5. 基于MCS-51系列单片机的通用控制模块的研究 6. 基于单片机实现的供暖系统最佳启停自校正（STR）调节器 7. 单片机控制的二级倒立摆系统的研究 协议栈的实现8. 基于增强型51系列单片机的TCP/IP 9. 基于单片机的蓄电池自动监测系统 10. 基于32位嵌入式单片机系统的图像采集与处理技术的研究 11. 基于单片机的作物营养诊断专家系统的研究 12. 基于单片机的交流伺服电机运动控制系统研究与开发 13. 基于单片机的泵管内壁硬度测试仪的研制14. 基于单片机的自动找平控制系统研究 15. 基于C8051F040单片机的嵌入式系统开发16. 基于单片机的液压动力系统状态监测仪开发 17. 模糊Smith智能控制方法的研究及其单片机 实现18. 一种基于单片机的轴快流CO〈,2〉激光器的手持控制面板的研制 19. 基于双单片机冲床数控系统的研究 20. 基于CYGNAL单片机的在线间歇式浊度仪的研制 21. 基于单片机的喷油泵试验台控制器的研制22. 基于单片机的软起动器的研究和设计 机床短循环走丝方式研究 23. 基于单片机控制的高速快走丝电火花线切割24. 基于单片机的机电产品控制系统开发25. 基于PIC单片机的智能手机充电器 26. 基于单片机的实时内核设计及其应用研究27. 基于单片机 28. 基于单片机的远程抄表系统的设计与研究的烟气二氧化硫浓度检测仪的研制29. 基于微型光谱仪的单片机系统 30. 单片机系统软件构件开发的技术研究 31. 基于单片机的液体点滴速度自动检测仪的研制32. 基于单片机系统的多功能温度测量仪的研制 33. 基于PIC单片机的电能采集终端的设计和应用34. 基于单片机的光纤光栅解调仪的研制 35. 气压式线性摩擦焊机单片机控制系统的研制 36. 基于单片机的数字磁通门传感器 37. 基于单片机的旋转变压器-数字转换器的研究 38. 基于单片机的光纤Bragg光栅解调系统的研究39. 单片机控制的便携式多功能乳腺治疗仪的研制 40. 基于C8051F020单片机的多生理信号检测仪 41. 基于单片机的电机运动控制系统设计 42. Pico专用单片机核的可测性设计研究43. 基于MCS-51单片机的热量计 44. 基于双单片机的智能遥测微型气象站 45. MCS-51单片机构建机器人的实践研究46. 基于单片机的轮轨力检测 47. 基于单片机的GPS定位仪的研究与实现 48. 基于单片机的电液伺服控制系统 49. 用于单片机系统的MMC卡文件系统研制 50. 基于单片机的时控和计数系统性能优化的研究51. 基于单片机和CPLD的粗光栅位移测量系统研究 52. 单片机控制的后备式方波UPS 53. 提升高职学生单片机应用能力的探究 54. 基于单片机控制的自动低频减载装置研究55. 基于单片机控制的水下焊接电源的研究56. 基于单片机的多通道数据采集系统 57. 基于uPSD3234单片机的氚表面污染测量仪的研制 58. 基于单片机的红外测油仪的研究 59. 96系列单片机仿真器研究与设计 60. 基于单片机的单晶金刚石刀具刃磨设备的数控改造61. 基于单片机的温度智能控制系统的设计与实现 62. 基于MSP430单片机的电梯门机控制器的研制63. 基于单片机的气体测漏仪的研究 CAN/USB协议转换器 64. 基于三菱M16C/6N系列单片机的65. 基于单片机和DSP的变压器油色谱在线监测技术研究 66. 基于单片机的膛壁温度报警系统设计 67. 基于AVR单片机的低压无功补偿控制器的设计 68. 基于单片机船舶电力推进电机监测系统 69. 基于单片机网络的振动信号的采集系统 70. 基于单片机的大容量数据存储技术的应用研究71. 基于单片机的叠图机研究与教学方法实践 72. 基于单片机嵌入式Web服务器技术的研究及实现73. 基于AT89S52单片机的通用数据采集系统 74. 基于单片机的多道脉冲幅度分析仪研究 75. 机器人旋转电弧传感角焊缝跟踪单片机控制系统 76. 基于单片机的控制系统在PLC虚拟教学实验中的应用研究 77. 基于单片机系统的网络通信研究与应用 78. 基于PIC16F877单片机的莫尔斯码自动译码系统设计与研究 79. 基于单片机的模糊控制器在工业电阻炉上的应用研究 80. 基于双单片机冲床数控系统的研究与开发 81. 基于Cygnal单片机的μC/OS-Ⅱ的研究 82. 基于单片机的一体化智能差示扫描量热仪系统研究 83. 基于TCP/IP协议的单片机与Internet互联的研究与实现 84. 变频调速液压电梯单片机控制器的研究 85. 基于单片机γ-免疫计数器自动换样功能的研究与实现 86. 基于单片机的倒立摆控制系统设计与实现 87. 单片机嵌入式以太网防盗报警系统 88. 基于51单片机的嵌入式Internet系统的设计与实现 89. 单片机监测系统在挤压机上的应用 90. MSP430单片机在智能水表系统上的研究与应用 91. 基于单片机的嵌入式系统中TCP/IP协议栈的实现与应用 92. 单片机在高楼恒压供水系统中的应用 93. 基于ATmega16单片机的流量控制器的开发 94. 基于MSP430单片机的远程抄表系统及智能网络水表的设计 95. 基于MSP430单片机具有数据存储与回放功能的嵌入式电子血压计的设计 96. 基于单片机的氨分解率检测系统的研究与开发 97. 锅炉的单片机控制系统 98. 基于单片机控制的电磁振动式播种控制系统的设计 99. 基于单片机技术的WDR-01型聚氨酯导热系数测试仪的研制 100. 一种RISC结构8位单片机的设计与实现 101. 基于单片机的公寓用电智能管理系统设计 102. 基于单片机的温度测控系统在温室大棚中的设计与实现 103. 基于MSP430单片机的数字化超声电源的研制 104. 基于ADμC841单片机的防爆软起动综合控制器的研究 105. 基于单片机控制的井下低爆综合保护系统的设计106. 基于单片机的空调器故障诊断系统的设计研究 107. 单片机实现的寻呼机编码器 108. 单片机实现的鲁棒MRACS及其在液压系统中的应用研究 109. 自适应控制的单片机实现方法及基上隅角瓦斯积聚处理中的应用研究 110. 基于单片机的锅炉智能控制器的设计与研究 111. 超精密机床床身隔振的单片机 112. PIC单片机在空调中的应用 主动控制113. 单片机控制力矩加载控制系统的研究 项目论证，项目可行性研究报告，可行性研究报告，项目推广，项目研究报告，项目设计，项目建议书，项目可研报告，本文档支持完整下载，支持任意编辑！选择我们，选择成功！ 19
北京交通大学毕业设计（论文） 附录A
项目论证，项目可行性研究报告，可行性研究报告，项目推广，项目研究报告，项目设计，项目建议书，项目可研报告，本文档支持完整下载，支持任意编辑！选择我们，选择成功！ 单片机论文，毕业设计，毕业论文，单片机设计，硕士论文，研究生论文，单片机研究论文，单片机设计论文，优秀毕业论文，毕业论文设计，毕业过关论文，毕业设计，毕业设计说明，毕业论文，单片机论文，基于单片机论文，毕业论文终稿，毕业论文初稿，本文档支持完整下载，支持任意编辑！本文档全网独一无二，放心使用，下载这篇文档，定会成功！
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毕业论文企业成本分析与控制研究——以联想公司为例
