2024年高考英语大一轮复习 外研版必修3 Module2 Developing and Developed Countries

Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

(2024·内江模拟)

One thing you do not expect an oil minister to do is to block the development of his own country’s oil fields. But that is exactly what Alberto Acosta did when he was appointed Ecuador’s Oil Minister.

For a relatively poor country whose main income is from oil exports, this idea seemed like madness. Ecuador is not rich by economic (经济)standards, but in terms of the diversity of plant and animal life, it is one of the richest places on Earth. For this, scientists studied trees in the Yasuni National Park in Ecuador’s undamaged rain forest, and they found over 650 different species (物种)of tree in just one acre—more than the total number in all of the US and Canada combined. Mr Acosta said he would rather the oil companies did not destroy these natural riches. His idea is to leave the oil reserves beneath Yasuni Park untouched, in return for compensation of half their value, which will be done by the international society. The oil is worth more than $7 billion.

Ecuador is not the only country trying to get richer nations to pay for not exploiting (开发)their forests. Both Nigeria and Guatemala are hoping they will be able to make similar deals. A spokesperson for local environmental groups explained, “This is fantastic though the plan has met with problems, both from within Ecuador and from outside. If only people in developed countries appreciated that these forests absorb a lot of the CO2 that their industries produce. I just wish they would take a longer-term view of this problem. Protecting biodiversity and preventing climate change means temporary loss, otherwise, we will all be losers—with consequences I’d rather not even think about. ”

【文章大意】厄瓜多尔为了保护自然, 石油部长Mr Acosta阻止开采这个国家公园下面的石油。这篇文章旨在告诉我们发展中国家不要为了一时的利益而破坏大自然。 1. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. His total number of tree species. B. Ecuador’s oil storage quantity. C. Ecuador’s diversity in wildlife. D. His undamaged rain forest.

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据语境可知, this指代前面一句中的in terms of the diversity of plant and animal life, it is one of the richest places on Earth。由此可知, this指的是“厄瓜多尔这个国家的野生动植物种类多”。故选C。

2. What was Mr Acosta’s real aim to prevent some oil fields being developed? A. Importing more oil. B. Protecting the environment. C. Building more natural parks. D. Compensate the Yasuni Park.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知, 在厄瓜多尔的Yasuni国家公园里一英亩就有650多种不同的树种, 所以Mr Acosta阻止开采这个国家公园下面的石油的真正目的是保护环境。故选B。

3. What does the spokesperson indicate in the last paragraph? A. Destroying nature means punishing ourselves. B. Natural forests can stop climate change totally. C. Developed countries will become losers. D. It’s impossible to carry out Acosta’s plan.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段这位发言人的话可知, 他反对砍伐森林, 保护生态多样性虽然意味着有暂时的损失, 否则我们会成为真正的输家。故选A。 【知识拓展】背景链接

厄瓜多尔, 全称厄瓜多尔共和国(The Republic of Ecuador), 南美洲国家联盟的成员国之一, 位于南美洲西北部的国家, 北与哥伦比亚相邻, 南接秘鲁, 西滨太平洋。面积256370平方千米, 赤道横贯国境北部, 厄瓜多尔就是西班牙语“赤道”的意思。矿物以石油为主, 森林面积约占全国面积的68%。

B

Moscow city authorities have begun using comics with characters from Russian fairytales to explain to migrants how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide

is needed to “maintain a positive image” of the city and could help reduce “tensions” between natives and migrants. But some people have pointed out that foreign immigrants and natives may be viewed as opponents in the manual (手册). They think immigrants and natives should live together in harmony.

Russians and immigrants have repeatedly clashed in Moscow recently. Many immigrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital’s job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.

The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the “dos” and “don’ts” to immigrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely stop them to check their documents.

In the manual, Russia’s famous “Three warriors” are meant to represent the city’s law enforcement agencies, while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia’s language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules, stressing that immigrants could otherwise be deported (驱逐出境) or banned from entry.

“The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders appears again, ” Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be “difficult” to understand for some immigrants who were not native Russian speakers.

【文章大意】莫斯科出台了用带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。 4. What can we learn about the manual?

A. It may not make immigrants and natives live in harmony. B. It is full of funny stories from fairy tales.

C. It aims to protect the rights of locals and immigrants. D. It sets strict and cruel rules to immigrants.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 莫斯科当局是用带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。但是一些人指出这个手册把本国人和移民看做是对立的, 所以这个手册不会使他们和谐相处。故选A。

5. People from other countries come to Moscow . A. to enjoy the fine climate B. to have a new lifestyle

C. to find occupations with good income D. to experience a new culture

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的Many immigrants. . . arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital’s job opportunities and relatively high salaries. 可知, 其他国家的人来到莫斯科是为了在莫斯科找到工作, 并且有相对高的工资。故选C。 6. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. The book will make it easy for foreign immigrants to read. B. Foreign immigrants may find the manual interesting to read. C. The Russian language is hard for foreign immigrants to learn. D. Foreign immigrants may have difficulty reading the manual.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的He also suggested that the language used in the book would be “difficult” to understand for some immigrants who were not native Russian speakers. 可知, 这本手册对于一些移民来说是很难理解的。故选D。 7. Which of the following would be the best title of the text? A. Ways to help foreign immigrants to settle in Russia. B. More and more foreign immigrants work in Moscow. C. Moscow fairy tale comics to help immigrants behave.

D. Characters from Russian fairy tales attract public attention.

【解析】选C。主旨大意题。莫斯科出台了带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。故选C。

【知识拓展】长难句分析

A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules, stressing that immigrants could otherwise be deported or banned from entry.

分析: stressing that immigrants could otherwise be deported or banned from entry, 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。stressing后面的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气, 相当于省略了if虚拟条件句, 即if they didn’t follow Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules。

翻译: 这本书专门有一部分解释了遵守莫斯科的严格的居住和工作制度, 同时强调否则他们就被驱逐出境或禁止入境。 Ⅱ. 完形填空

Denver, Colorado is one of the fastest growing cities in America. It also has one of the biggest populations of 1 young people. A Denver coffee shop is seeking to solve the problem. The Purple Door Coffee Shop employs and 2 homeless young people, giving them a second 3 to make a new start.

For many years, Kevin Persons lived on the 4 . Today, he is working in a bar, serving coffee. He is also working to move off the streets and into a home.

He says it is a 5 to get a job even when you have a house nowadays; but when you don’t have a house trying to get a job it is much harder. What makes it a little 6 is the mission of the Purple Door Coffee shop. It does not just 7 a cup of coffee; it turns lives 8 .

The owners of the two-year-old nonprofit 9 three to four young adults per year. Shelters such as Urban Peak, where Kevin was staying, 10 young people who are ready to commit to working.

Madison Chandler, co-founder of Purple Door, and her partner meet with their workers 11 each week. They talk about topics 12 from mental health, finance to customer service. They also 13 a life coach to make sure the workers have the 14 and skills that will 15 them up for success.

Kevin 16 that he is learning what he needs to 17 the struggles of homelessness and live a full life.

For Madison Chandler, providing these young adults with 18 and education and helping them become confident and 19 is worthwhile. The most 20 part of her job is helping them achieve a life for themselves that they have dreamed of.