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摘 要
容错是WSN中的主要问题之一，因为它在实际部署的环境中变得至关重要，在该环境中，网络稳定性和减少的不可访问时间非常重要。因为无线传感器网络通常应用于恶劣的环境，传感器的易损性和无线通信容易受到环境影响导致了无线传感器网络的不稳定性。如果在数据在多节点传输的过程中其中一个节点故障则会引发链接故障无法传输数据。本文中，提出在WSN中使用的Ad hoc按需距离矢量（AODV）路由协议设计一种容错的多径AODV算法，即基于多径的MD-AODV路由协议，来解决可靠性问题与效率问题。本文为网络中的每个节点创建备份路径来设计和实现备份路由方案。本协议分为一跳最短路径和次短路径同时传输数据包，当节点无法通过最短路路径传送数据包时，备用路由立即成为下一个数据包传送的新主路径没有任何中断时间，使得发生节点故障时减少丢包率和减少重新开始路由发现的次数。此外，该提议的路由协议提高了吞吐量和平均端到端延迟，还有后期的网络开销优化。所以，实现了网络的可靠性，可用性和可维护性。仿真表明，所提出的路由方案优于AODV路由。
关键词：AODV算法；无线传感器网络；网络仿真 ；路由算法
Abstract
Fault tolerance is one of the main problems in WSN, because it becomes very important in the actual deployment environment, in which network stability and reduced inaccessible time are very important. Because wireless sensor networks are usually used in harsh environments, the vulnerability of sensors and wireless communication are easily affected by the environment, which leads to the instability of wireless sensor networks. If one of the nodes fails in the process of data transmission, it will lead to link failure and unable to transmit data. In this paper, a fault-tolerant multipath AODV algorithm, md-aodv routing protocol based on multipath, is proposed to solve the reliability and efficiency problems. This paper creates a backup path for each node in the network to design and implement the backup routing scheme. This protocol is divided into one hop shortest path and sub short path to transmit data packets at the same time. When a node cannot transmit data packets through the shortest path, the standby route immediately becomes the new main path for the next packet transmission without any interruption time, so as to reduce the packet loss rate and the number of restart route discovery in case of node failure. In addition, the proposed routing protocol improves the throughput and average end-to-end delay, as well as the later network overhead optimization.
Key words：AODV algorithm；Wireless sensor network；Network
simulation；Routing protocol
目 录
第一章 绪论 ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 课题背景和意义 ........................................ 1 1.2 无线传感器网络AODV路由算法 ...................................................... 2 1.3 无线传感器发展现状 ........................................................................... 2 1.4 章节安排 ............................................................................................... 3 第二章 路由算法和网络仿真软件相关知识 ............................................ 4 2.1 无线传感器中的通信网络 ................................................................... 4 2.2 无线传感器中的通信网络 ................................................................... 4 2.3 AODV协议概述 .................................................................................... 3 2.4 无线传感器网络的容错问题 ............................................................... 7 2.5 OPNET简介 .......................................................................................... 7 第三章 MD-AODV路由算法无线传感器网络中的设计 ......................... 8 3.1 MD-AODV算法介绍 ............................................................................ 8 3.1.1 MD-AODV概述 .............................................................................. 8 3.1.2 MD-AODV分组设计和更新机制 .................................................. 9 3.1.3 路由发现 ....................................................................................... 10 3.1.4 路由维护 ....................................................................................... 10 第四章 路由算法性能评估 .................................................................... 11 4.1 网络节点和环境仿真设计 ................................................................. 11 4.1.1 网络模型 ....................................................................................... 11 4.1.2 节点模型 ....................................................................................... 12
AODV路由算法在无线传感器网络中的设计与仿真-毕业论文
