雅思考试机经
2018年12月1日雅思阅读考情回顾
一、考试时间：2018年12月1日（周六）
二、考试概述：
第一篇Homeopathy，替代治疗法。主要讲述了替代医学中的治疗方法，可参考剑四第二套第二篇Alternative medicine in Australia和剑六第三套第三篇The search for the anti-aging pill。第二篇The history of motor car，汽车发展史。发明发展史文章可参考剑八第一套第一篇A chronicle of timekeeping和剑六第三套第一篇The power of the big screen。第三篇 Tuatara，新西兰物种入侵。可参考剑八第四套第二篇Biological control of pests。
三、文章简介
第一篇 Homeopathy，替代治疗法
第二篇 The history of motor car，汽车发展史 第三篇 Tuatara，新西兰物种入侵
四、篇章分析： Passage 1 文章内容 文章概述了替代医学中的治疗方法，即为了治疗某种疾病，需要使用一种可以再人体内部产生相同症状的药剂。并介绍了这种质量方法的早期发展以及后续的实验以及研究者的理论。 题型分布与答案参考 标题匹配题6，判断题6，单选题1 参考答案： 1-12待补充 13.B （答案仅供参考） 相关拓展 Placebo Effect---The Power of Nothing Want to devise a new form of alternative medicine? No problem. Here’s the recipe. Be warm, sympathetic, reassuring and enthusiastic. Your treatment should involve physical contact, and each session with your patients should last at least half an hour. Encourage your patients to take an active part in their treatment and understand how their disorders 雅思考试机经
relate to the rest of their lives. Tell them that their own bodies possess the true power to heal. Make them pay you out of their own pochets. Describe your treatment in familiar words, but embroidered with a hint of mysticism: energy fields, energy flows, energy blocks, meridians, forces, auras, rhythms and the like. Refer to the knowledge of an earlier age: wisdom carelessly swept aside by the rise and rise of blind, mechanistic science. Oh, come off it, you’re saying. Something invented off the top of your head couldn’t possibly work, could it? Well yes, it could—and often well enough to earn you a living. A good living if you are sufficiently convincing or, better still, really believe in your therapy. Many illnesses get better on their own, so if you are lucky and administer your treatment at just the right time you’ll get the credit. But that’s only part of it. Some of the improvement really would be down to you. Not necessarily because you’d recommended ginseng rather than chamomile tea or used this crystal as opposed to that pressure point. Nothing so specific. Your healing power would be the outcome of a paradoxical force that conventional medicine recognizes but remains oddly ambivalent about: the placebo effect. Placebos are treatments that have no direct effect on the body, yet still work because the patient has faith in their power to heal. Most often the term refers to a dummy pill, but it applies just as much to any device or procedure, from a sticking plaster to a crystal to an operation. The existence of the placebo effect implies that even quackery may confer real bendfits, which is why any mention of placebo is a bouchy subject for many practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), who are likdly to regard it as tantamount to a charge of charlatanism. In fact, the placebo effect is a powerful part of all medical care, orthodox or otherwise, though its role is often neglected and misunderstood. One of the great strengths of CAM may be its practioners’ skill in deploying the placebo effect to accomplish real healing. “Complementary practitioners are miles better at producing non-specific effects and good 雅思考试机经
therapeutic relationships,” says Edward Ernst, professor of CAM at Exeter University. The question is whether CAM could be integrated into conventional medicine, as some would like, without losing much of this power. At one level, it should come as no surprise that our state of mind can influence our physiology: anger opens the superficial blood vessels of the face; sadness pumps the tear glands. But exactly how placebos work their medical magic is still largely unknown. Most of the scant research to date has focused on the control of pain, because it’s one of the commonest complaints and lends itself to experimental study. Here, attention has turned to the endorphins, natural counterparts of morphine that are known to help control pain. “Any of the neurochemicals involved in transmitting pain impulses or modulating them might also be involved in generating the placebo response,”says Don Price, an oral surgeon at the University of Florida who studies the placebo effect in dental pain. “But endorphins are still out in front.”That case has been strengthened by the recent work of Fabrizio Bendeetti of the University of Turin, who showed that the placebo effect can be abolished by a drug, naloxone, which blocks the effects of endorphins. Benedetti induced pain in human volunteers by inflating a blood-pressure cuff on the forearm. He did this several times a day for several days, using morphine each time to control the pain. On the final day, without saying anything, he replaced the morphine with a saline solution. This still relieved the subjects’ pain: a placebo effect, But when he added naloxone to the saline the pain relief disappeared. Here was direct proof that placebo analgesia is mediated, at least in part, by these natural opiates. Still, no one knows how belief triggers endorphin release, or why most people can’t achieve placebo pain relief simply by willing it. Though scientists don’t know exactly how placebos work, they have accumulated a fair bit of knowledge about how to trigger the effect. A London rheumatologist found, for example, that red dummy capsules made more
2018年12月1日雅思阅读考情回顾
