江苏省扬州中学2019-2020学年高一12月月考英语试题 Word版含解析

setting down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is pressed by the weight of the earth above.

Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where possible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.

One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some water may even need to be desalinated after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the study of groundwater has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.

12. According to the text, what causes the water crisis in California? A. Previous drilling of wells. C. Constant droughts in the area. practices.

13. The research teams think it ________ to extract water from deeper aquifers. A. expensive but practical C. cost-free but demanding

B. reliable and profitable D. cheap and environment-friendly B. The messy distribution system. D. The adoption of new pumping

14. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground? A. The damage to aquifers.

C. The decrease in operation costs. climate.

15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To encourage people to save water. B. To promote the seawater desalination.

C. To introduce a new way of extracting freshwater.

D. To draw people’s attention to the droughts in California. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】

B. The sinking of land surface. D. The negative effects on the

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了新研究发现，加州的深层水储备可能有助于解决它们的干

旱危机，作者介绍了一种提取淡水的新方法。 【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段California has been facing droughts for many years, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system.（加州多年来一直面临干旱，某些地区甚至不得不向数百英里外的分配系统输送淡水）可知，该地区持续的干旱导致了加州的水危机。故选C。 【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where possible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.（尽管从这样的深度抽水很昂贵，但它仍然比在这个以沿海为主的州淡化海水便宜。一些海水淡化厂在可能的地方存在，但它们的运营成本很高，需要经常维修。水井是更可靠的淡水来源，加州希望这些深井能解决严重的水资源短缺问题）推断出，研究小组认为从深层含水层中提取水是昂贵但实用的。故选A。 【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段The biggest concern is the gradual setting down of the land surface.（最大的问题是地面的逐渐下沉）可知，从地下深处取水的结果是地表下沉。故选B。 【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be three times what was previously thought.（以前的钻井只能达到1000英尺的深度，但由于新的抽水方法，现在可以提取比这更深的水。斯坦福大学的研究小组调查了低于这个深度的含水层，发现储量可能是之前设想的三倍）可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种提取淡水的新方法。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。

的Many people believe that there is some truth in the saying Laughter is the best medicine.___16___ Laughter helps relieve pain, strengthen the immune system and

reduce stress. Laughter stimulates(激发) hormones which make us feel happy. Laughter also increases the flow of blood throughout the body and has benefits which are similar to the ones you get by doing exercise.

___17___Children exposed to funny films and cartoons before major medical procedures are able to cope better with pain and anxiety.___18___. These are professional clowns who are sent to hospitals and wards to entertain and distract sick children.

Laughter therapy has become very popular in recent years and as a result, more and more laughter clubs are starting to open up in cities and towns all over the world. At a laughter session, a trained therapist instructs the group to perform a series of exercises which are designed to produce laughter. ___19___And it takes them some time to get rid of their inhibitions（心理抑制）.They might even start off with fake laughter, but this doesn’t matter because our bodies can’t tell the difference, and the results are the same. Moreover, laughter is contagious（传染的).___20___

So next time you feel ill, stressed out or depressed, try watching a funny film or try remembering an amusing incident in your life. You will soon feel better. A. If one person starts giggling, it is unavoidable that everyone else will be drawn in.

B. Laughter helps you focus.

C. This finding has led to so-called clown doctors.

D. In fact, research done by scientists has shown that laughter has a lot of health benefits.

E. Laughter makes the world a better and more colorful place. F. Some people may find the idea embarrassing at first.

G. Using laughter therapy in children’s hospitals has proven to be invaluable. 【答案】16. D 17. G 18. C 19. F 20. A 【解析】

这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了笑对康有健很多益处以及笑声疗法越来越受到人们的欢迎。

【16题详解】

由“Laughter helps relieve pain, strengthen the immune system and reduce stress. Laughter stimulates(激发) hormones which make us feel happy. Laughter also increases the flow of blood throughout the body and has benefits which are similar to the ones you get by doing exercise”可知，笑声有助于减轻疼痛，增强免疫系统和减轻压力。笑声刺激荷尔蒙，使我们感到快乐。笑也会增加血液在全身的流动，并且有类似于通过锻炼获得的益处。所以小题1要总说笑声有诸多的益处，然后在进行具体的分说。故D选项“事实上，科学家的研究表明笑对健康有很大的益处”符合句意。故D选项切题。 【17题详解】

由“Children exposed to funny films and cartoons before major medical procedures are able to cope better with pain and anxiety”可知，在主要的医疗程序之前，接触滑稽电影和卡通的儿童能够更好地应对疼痛和焦虑。所以，小题2要表明笑声疗法的应用的地点以及总说所起的积极作用。故G选项“在儿童医院使用笑声疗法已经被证明是具有极大价值的”符合句意。故G选项切题。 【18题详解】

由“These are professional clowns who are sent to hospitals and wards to entertain and distract sick children.”可知，他们是专业的小丑，被派往医院和病房来使孩子们快乐和分散患病儿童的注意力。所以小题3与下一句一同在说明，笑声疗法所采取的具体措施。故C选项“这一发现产生了所谓的小丑医生的职业”符合句意。故C选项切题。 【19题详解】

由“At a laughter session, a trained therapist instructs the group to perform a series of exercises which are designed to produce laughter. ___4___And it takes them some time to get rid of their inhibitions(心理抑制).”可知，在笑的过程中，一名训练有素的治疗师指导小组进行一系列旨在产生笑声的练习。需要一些时间来摆脱他们的心理抑制。所以小题4要表明训练开始时，人们对这种练习的看法。才能更好的的承接下句。故F选项“有些人一开始可能会觉得这个想法很尴尬”符合句意。故F选项切题。 【20题详解】

由“Moreover, laughter is contagious”可知，此外,笑声是会传染的。所以小题5要具体说明笑声是会传染的。故A选项“如果一个人开始咯咯地笑，其他人就不可避免地也开始咯咯地笑起来”符合句意。故A选项切题。

第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

As children enter and move through their school years, they become increasingly able to manage matters like homework and school projects on their own. ___21___, each year they should take on more responsibilities in the classroom and at home. These daily chores (家务) and responsibilities are an important part of learning that life requires ___22___, not just play.

Normally, of course, children are still single-minded with their ___23___ to have fun. While they may join in, particularly if ___24___ gives them time with their parents, children are not ___25___ to ask for household tasks, and parents often need to assign responsibilities as part of ___26___ to the family. At this age, many children find it difficult to ___27___ their chores, at least initially. Responsibility and initiative (积极性) are learned through a ___28___ process of guidance and reward.

As your own child takes on more responsibilities, he or she will probably have periods of acting ___29___, procrastinating(拖延) and dawdling (懒散). Most children do. During these times, parents need to step in and, with encouragement and gentle guidance, point him in the ____30____ direction.

Sometimes parents may demand too much ____31____ their children, or may see a problem in everything their children do. They may ____32____ them with too many responsibilities — an unfair number of chores, extra hours of taking care of younger siblings or a too strict schedule of after-school activities. When that happens, children may ____33____ taking on any responsibility at all. Parents need to ____34____ this kind of overloading, while still making sure that their youngsters are assuming a(n) ____35____ of responsibility. Children, of course ____36____ in the personalities. Some are simply not very persistent in the middle of chores. Others have difficulty getting organized. ____37____ others have trouble shifting from one activity to another. You should have a good ____38____ of your child’s style, and