摘要目前,在我国小学英语教学中普遍存在以下两方面的现象:一是从师资方面来说,师范教育没有对小学英语教学进行专业化分工,导致犬部分教师对小学英语教学目的认识不清,对小学生的。理了解不够,采用教中学生的教学方法教小学生的现象十分普遍;二是由于社会竞争剧烈,家长期望值过高,学生课业负担不减反增、居高不下,导致小学生学习压力不断增加,厌学情绪日益浓厚。面对这种现状,探索一种符合小学生生理和。理的教学方法,激发和培养学生的学习兴趣,显得十分必要,本研究提出了游戏教学是一种有效的小学英语教学方法的实验假设。游戏在教育中的理念可以追溯到远古时代。古往今来,中外许多教育家对游戏都有过精辟的论述,并且对游戏与教学的关系也给予了高度重视,这些论述构成了本研究的理论背景。许多教育家,如卢梭、福禄贝尔、蒙特梭利、杜威、陈鹤琴等都对游戏进行了探索一一游戏对孩子们来说非常重要。本研究旨在探究游戏教学是一种有效的小学英语教学方法。从2006年3月份起,对甘肃省地矿局附属小学四年级45名学生进行了为期四个多月的实验。首先进行了问卷调查,问卷结果表明学生对英语游戏表现出浓厚的兴趣,绝大多数学生希望老师在教学中多组织游戏。实验中,对学生的情感变化、喜好变化、记忆效果进行了随堂的观察记录。本实验分为两个阶段:前两个月采用在游戏活动远远不足的传统课堂下进行教学的方式,后两个月在教学活动中普遍运用了游戏的方式。为了证实课堂观察的结果,使本实验具有科学性,在实验的最后两周,以1o个单词的对比教学为例,收集了数据。10个单词分为两组,在两节课内教学。5个采用传统教学方式授课,5个用游戏的方法教学。对两组单词分别在当堂课及授课48小时后进行了默写测试,数据分析比较的结果表明,被试对于采用游戏方式进行教学的一组单词的掌握远远大于另一组。实验结果支持了研究假设。本文由六个部分组成。第一部分介绍了目前英语教学中存在的问题、选题原因以及研究问题。第二部分通过对游戏教学的历史考察,梳理出了游戏教学的理论和实践基础。第三部分是本研究的理论依据,介绍了游戏教学的优点、游戏的功能,语言的交际性及儿童的身心特点,并且以第二语言习得中的理论为依据,从输入假设和情感过滤假设层面进一步说明游戏的重要性。第四部分为研究设计,介绍了本研究的假设、被试、研究过程、测量5-具、实验数据的收集过程,对实验数据进行了分析研究。第五部分为研究的发现与讨论。第六部分是本研究对教学实践的启示和研究的局限性,以及今后研究中要注意的问题。【关键词】小学英语游戏教学游戏兴趣jjd斗地主http://www.toxim.net/垒曼些坐!!竺生!墨鱼!竺!!翌兰!!竺!坚兰!!!!!曼!型!生!!!!!!!曼ChapterOneIntroduction1.10verviewoftheproblemWiththedevelopmentofsocietyandfrequencyofinternationalcommunication,Englishhasbecomeoneofthebasicskillsofciviliansinthe21stcentury.Itisincreasinglyincludedintheprimarycurriculum.EnglishhasbecomearequiredlessonintheprimaryschoolfromGrade3inChina.Chirla’sgovernmenthasemphasizedtheschoolstogivefourhoursofEnglishteachingeveryweekifconditionspermit.areimpormceforprimaryForalongtime,Englishteachersconstrainedbyexamination-orientedsystem.Someofthemalmosttime-consuming.AsathrewawaygamesinEnglishclasses,fortheythoughtthatgameisresult,itseemedthatEnglisllhasbecomeahardsubjectforChinese,youngEnglishlearners.taughteverywhere,andisleamedbyalmosteverybody.Accordingtostatistics,someorNowadays,Englishis2.5billionchildrenarelearningEnglishnow.Manychildrenabout45yearsoldwereputintoEnglishclasses,forthekparenmthinkchildrenmustleamEnglishwhentheyareveryyoung.Itisqu沁impormttoselectsuitableapproachestoteachEnglishforprimaryschoolstudents.ThereaRsomeapproachesandmethodsforlanguageteaching,suchasTheDirectMethod,TheAudio-LingualMethod,TheSimafionalApproach,TheCommunicativeApproach,Task-BasedApproachandTotalPhysicalResponse0YR).ThoughtheseapproachesandmethodshavebeentriedinchildrenEnglishteachingtopromotethecanteachingreform,nobodysayonesingleteachingapproachamongthembearthewholetaskforEnglishcanteaching.Accordingtocharacteristicsofchildrenfortheirageandtheirfeaturesofpsychology,wethegoodpointsoftheseapproachestoseekthebetterteachingapproach.10SignifmneeofthestudycombineInNewEnglishCurriculumStandard,thetaskforEnglishcurriculumisdescribedlikethis:“…toarousethestadents’interestinEnglishlearninganddevelopthepositiveattitudetowardsEnglishleaming∞astobuildtheeontidenceinEnglishlearning.”nimarvEnglishit'sanTeachingSyllabuspointsout:“InterestisagoodteacherforpupilstolearnaforeignLmguage.AndimportanttaskforprimaryschoolEnglishteacherstoarousestudents’interestatpresent.”SoitisthefirstpointtoarOUSethestudents’interestinchildreninterestisthekeyforlanguageteaching.Inrecentlanguageteaching,howtosustaintheyears,withthetrendoflowerageinlearningEnglish,moreandmoreprimaryschoolshavetakenjjd斗地主http://www.toxim.net/皇曼!!堂竺!竺!!坚鱼!竺竺竺!璺竺!!!曼些竺!里!墅!坐!!!些!坚theirsubjects.SoitisurgenttOEnglishasexploreausefulchildrenEnglishteachingmethodtosuitIhechildren’Stocreateallcharacteristicsandcognitivedevelopment,alsoitisnecessarycailappropriatesurroundingwheretheylearnEnglisheasilyandpleasantly.AsEnglishisaforeignlanguageinChina,thelargestpartofteachingandlearningEnglishoccursintheclassroom.Theproblemofhowtoleamandusethelanguagewellfaceseverypeople.However,toalargeextent,learningdependsteaching.EducationmustbeInn.Thegameischildren’Snature.Forchildren,thegameisgame.Playinggamess0onteaching.Consequently,beingteachers,weshouldresearchandexploreeffectivewaysoftolive,andthelifeisacanfosterchildren’Sabilities,suchastheirintelligence,perception,socialintercourseandon.Inthecenlseofplayinggames,theylikefeeling,smelling,andtasting,listening,wamhmg,smging,drawinganddancing.Inthegames,thechildrenachievement.Ithasbeenfoundthatchildrenhaveenjoythepleasureandhappinessoflearningandhaveasenseofagreaterneedtobemotivatedbytheteacherorthematerial,andtheythatgamesinaIeeasiertobemotivated.Manyscholars(LinChangfeng,WuYexian,LiuYan,LuZiwen)agreeathelanguageclassroomhavebeenconsideredbetterwaytomotivatechildmnt0workhardandcultivatethekainterestinlearningEnglish.Childrenenjoytoplayinggamesintheirnativelanguageandthisisafamiliarexpeiienceforchildrentoheintroducedstudiesinforeignlanguage.Gamesalemotivatingandfunandcanhelpdeveloppositiveattitudestowardstheaforeignlanguageandlanguagelearning,andcreateThoughquilcadesiretocontinuelearning.alotofpe,opleconsideredgamesasbetterwayforteachingchildren,weshoulddosomeresearchtotestifyit.Becauseofthelimitationofsocietyandeducation,gameteachingwasmainlyusedinthekindergartensandseldomusedintheprimarytoschools.Therefore,itisofconsiderablesignificanceandstudyfocusesonnecessityinvestigateintotheissueunderdiscussion.ThisinvestigatingtheeffectivenessofganqesinprimaryschoolstudenB’Englishteaching.jjd斗地主2http://www.toxim.net/垒兰坐堂!!旦!!!墨尘!竺!!!!兰!!竺!型兰!!!型兰!型!!!壁!!堑些ChapterTwoLiteraturel沁viewGameteachingisoneofteachingactivities.Althoughthetheoryofgameteachingcameintobeinginmodemtimes,fromancienttimesOil,relevantpracticeandexpositionongameteachinghaveexisted.2.1ThedefinitionofgamesWhatisgame?Thisisaquestionthatmanyresearchersdiscuss.Basedupondifferentmethodologiesandperspectives,differentresearchersgivedifferentdefinitinnofgame.TheconsteUafionoftheirunderstandingsanddefmitioasalesortedoutintheIexllocome2.1.1WhatisJillgame?gamesas“311Hadfield(1984)definedactivitywithroles,agoalandanelementoffun.”Brown(1994:179)said.‘‘Agamecouldbeanyactivitythatformulizedatechniqueintounitsthatcallbescoredinsomeway.Severalothergroupstasksoutlinedbelowcouldthusbecorne‘games’”SpodekBemard&SarachoOliviaactivity.Theyaler1994:271)demonstratedthat“Gamesareadifferentkindofplayhir3【llystructuredandincludespecificrulestobefollowed.’’AccordingtoLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEn舀曲(2004:799)‘‘AtogameisanactivityelsportinwhichpeoplecompetewitheachotheraccordingFlexnerandHaucksay:“aoftwooragreedrules.”ongameisacompetitiveactivityinvolvingskills,chance,Orendurancetoathepartmolepersonswhoplayaccordingsetofrules.usuallyfortheirownamusementorfurspectators.”Althoughdifferentresearchersapproachthedefinitioncanofgamefromdifferentperspectives,thusarriveatdifferentconclusions.However,somecolmllonfeaturesThreeelementsarebesummarizeddespitetheksuperficialdifferences,isainvolved,moreisfun-ororless,inmostdefinitions:1)gamekindofactivity;2)gameisrule-governed;3)game2.1.2Gamescompetition-oriented.inlanguageteachingGameteachingisakindofteachingactivitythatmeltsgameinteaching.(WuYexian,1996)AccordingtoLongmanDictionaryofLanguageteachingandgameina:aAppliedLinguistics(Richards,Platt,1995):ALanguageteachingisanorganizedactivitythatusuallyhasthefollowingproperties:orparticulartaskobjectives;b:asetofrules;jjd斗地主http://www.toxim.net/垒!虫!!!!型!垫g鱼!竺竺地!!!查!!!!!塑!!!!墼!!!!兰!!竖c:competitionbetweenplayers;d:communicationbetweenplayersbyspokenorwrittenLanguage.Gamesareaformofplaygovemedbyroles.Theyshouldbeenjoyedandfun.Theyarenotjustadiversion,abreakfromroutineactivities,butawayofgettingthelearnertousethelanguageinthecourseofthegame.Fromtheabovestatementswecanunderstandgamesarestructuredplayactivitiesorganizedaroundspecificroles,Gamesinvolveusingmanyfactors:rules,competition,relaxationandlearning,inparticular.Themainfocusofhavefun.gameinclassistohelpstudentslearnand2.2RelevantexpositionandpracticeaboutgamesandteachingTherelationshipbetweengamesandteachingcallbedatedbacktooldGreecewhenwesterneducation,especiallychildren’seducationinwestemcountrieshasbeenfulloftheexpositionoftherelationshipbetweengamesandteaching.Atthattime,children’seducationinAthenshighlightedtheeducationrolesoftoys.Besidesathepractice,somephilosophers,thinkers,andeducatorshadlotofsayingsaboutthegames’roleineducation.Forexample,Platopaidmoreattentiontothemleofgamesforchildren’seducation.Hethoughtnotonlygamesshouldbeplayedbutalsocombinedwitheducationinethics.century.thegreatInthe17theducatorCzechComeniusadvisedtcachemtou∞children’ssensesratherthanmemorizationinins仃uction.Tomakelearninginterestingforchildren,hewroteTheWIsibleWorminP/ctures(1659).Itwasoneofthefirstillustratedbookswrittenespeciallyforyoungstudents.Locke(1632-1704)heldthatteachingInthe17thcentury,too.EngliSlIphilosopherandeducatorJohnshouldfitforchildren’sageinordertomakelearningmoreinteresting.Teacherscouldchoosetoyswithletterstowithhelpchildrenlearnletters,useaninla]picturestohelpthemspellthenchooseaneasyandinterestingbookappropriatepicturestohelpthemread.Inthe18thcentury,theFrenchphilosopherRousseauthoughtthatchildrenhadbetterlearnthroughgames.Onlyinthiswaycouldlearningbecomeinteresting,usefulandeasy.Heleavethekbooksandspendschildhoodoileveradvocatedthatchildrenshouldgamesoractivities.GermaneducatorFfiedrichFrobelisgenerallyregardedasthefatherofchildren’seducationinwestemonecountries.Heisconsideredthefirstwhopmbedintogameteachingsystematicallyandthefirstol/ewhoadvocatedthatgamesshouldbeintegratedintoleaming.Fmbel’stheorywasfirstlybaseduponscientificofknowledgeofthechildren’spsychologicalandphysiologicaldevelopmentandthuslaidasolidmakinggameteachingdevelopprogressively.foundationjjd斗地主4http://www.toxim.net/
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