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空心钉与空心钉钢板治疗股骨颈骨折的比较

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空心钉与空心钉钢板治疗股骨颈骨折的比较

摘要:

目的:比较半螺纹空心螺钉与空心钉钢板内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。 方法:2015年7月-2018年6月收治股骨颈骨折且适宜行闭合复位内固定治疗的患者共87例,68例获得满意随访。其中男32例,女36例,年龄24-62岁,平均53.2岁。均为GardenⅠ、Ⅱ 、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折,空心钉组37例,空心钉钢板组31例。纳入参考:切口长度,手术时间,术中出血量,并发症发生率,髋关节Harris评分。

结果:随访0.5-3.5年,平均随访20.5个月,手术切口均一期愈合。切口长度空心钉组1.73±0.64cm,空心钉钢板组5.43±1.84cm;手术时间空心钉组46.28±11.48min,空心钉钢板组55.48±14.26min;术中出血量空心钉组34.16±19.46ml,空心钉钢板组98.46±41.13ml。股骨头坏死空心钉组有3例,空心钉钢板组1例。空心钉组出现14例不同程度股骨颈短缩,空心钉钢板组出现4例股骨颈轻度短缩。空心钉组出现11例螺钉不同程度松动退出,空心钉钢板组未出现退钉病例。末次随访空心钉组和空心钉钢板组髋关节Harris评分分别为:90.14±9.08分和93.32±3.11分。

结论:空心钉和空心钉钢板治疗股骨颈骨折均可获得较好的临床疗效,空心钉符合微创手术观念,空心钉钢板能获得更加稳固的支撑,对患肢早期负重更有利,可以快速康复。

关键词:股骨颈骨折;内固定;空心钉锁定板;空心钉

Comparison the clinical result between cannulated screws and cannulated screws with plate in the treatment of femoral neck fracture

Abstract

Objective To compare the clinic outcomes between cannulated screws and cannulated screws with plate in the treatment of femoral neck fracture.

Methods Retrospectively analyzed the 87 patients of femoral neck fracture suitablly treated by closed reduction and internal fixation from July 2015 to June 2018 , 68 pattients(32 males , 36 females , average age 53.2 ,GardenⅠⅡⅢtype)were follow-up.Of them. They were divided into cannulated group(group A,37 cases) and cannulated group with plate(group B, 31 cases) based on different fixating method.Operation time,length of incision,intraoperative blood loss,incidence of complications,Harris score were compared between two proups.

Results All 68 patients were followed up from 6 months to 42months with an

average of 20.5 months,All incisions were healing well.Length of insion of group B(5.43±1.84cm) was more than that of group A(1.73±0.64cm)(P<0.05).Operation time of group B(55.48±14.26 min) was more than that of group A(46.28±11.48 min)(P<0.05).Blood loss of group B(98.46±41.13 ml) was more than that of group A(34.16±19.46 ml)(P<0.05).Femoral neck shortening of group A(14 cases) was more than that of group B(4 cases)(P<0.05).There were 3 cases of femoral head necrosis in group A while there is 1 case in group B(P<0.05).There are 11 Cases of internal fixation loosening or withdrawal in group A while there is no one in group B(P<0.01). Harris score of group B(93.32±3.11) was more than that of group A(90.14±9.08) at the time of final at the final follow-up(P>0.05).

Conclusions The two groups can achieve comparable clinical results,the cannualated screws groups is more in line with the concept of minimally invasive surgery and the cannulated screws with plate groups can get more reliable fixation which is beneficial to the early weight-bearing and can be quickly recovered of the affected limbs.

Key words :femoral neck fracture;internal fixation;cannulated screws with plate;cannulated screws

股骨颈骨折是骨外科的常见病、多发病,目前,股骨颈骨折约占全身骨折的3.58%[1],随着人口老龄化及交通事故的增加,其发病率正逐年提高。除有多系统合并疾病的高危患者及有手术禁忌症的患者可采取保守治疗外,其他股骨颈骨折患者则建议行手术治疗[2]。笔者选取本院部分股骨颈骨折病例,做回顾性分析空心钉与空心钉钢板内固定治疗的临床疗效,现报告如下。 1. 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

2015年7月-2018年6月收治股骨颈骨折且适宜行内固定治疗的患者共87例,68例获得满意随访。其中男32例,女36例,年龄24-62岁,平均53.2岁。随访0.5-3.5年,平均20.5月,空心钉固定37例,空心钉钢板固定31例。遴选要求:均为外伤后急诊来院(外伤12小时内)的非病理性闭合骨折,年龄大于等于65岁适宜行关节置换手术或复合性外伤的排除在外,骨折断端明显移位行切开复位内固定并肌骨瓣移植不在此研究之列。 1.2手术方法

完善CT等术前常规检查,力争外伤后48小时内进行手术。采用椎管内或全身麻醉,患者仰卧于可透视骨科牵引床上,患髋根据股骨颈前倾角大小置厚薄不同软垫,手术全过程均在C型臂X线透视机监视下进行,先进行闭合复位。空心钉组:复位满意后先呈倒三角置入3枚直径2.5mm克氏针,透视正侧位均满意

后,分别取3个0.5-1.0cm皮肤切口,逐个钻孔置入3枚直径7.3mm半螺纹空心螺钉,钉尖位于软骨下约0.5-1.0cm,不置引流,皮肤缝合3-6针。空心钉钢板组:复位满意后沿股骨粗隆外侧最高点向远端取长约5-7cm切口,取3孔(共有4个锁定孔)股骨近端髁Ⅱ型锁定板置于股骨近端外侧,注意股骨颈前倾角度,利用锁定套筒引导置入3枚直径2.5mm克氏针,透视正侧位均满意后,逐一钻孔置入3枚直径7.3mm半螺纹空心锁定螺钉,钉尖位于软骨下约0.5-1.0cm,再置入远端1枚垂直于股骨的实心锁定螺钉,置引流管1根,缝合髂筋束及皮肤。 1.3观察指标

术后2-3天首次复查X线,指导踝泵运动等康复功能锻炼,以后每3个月左右复查X线,根据骨折愈合情况决定扶双拐下地渐负重及逐步弃拐时机。分析比较手术切口长度,手术时间,术中出血量,股骨颈短缩、螺钉松动退出、股骨头坏死并发症的发生率,功能评定采用末次随访髋关节Harris评分。 1.4统计学方法

采用SPSS18.0统计软件进行分析,计量统计用(x?s)表示,进行t检验,计数资料组间采用?2 检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 2.结果

所有病例手术切口均一期愈合,无证据支持手术部位感染,随访0.5-3.5年,平均20.5个月,少数病例已行内固定装置取出术。切口长度空心钉组1.73±0.64cm,空心钉钢板组5.43±1.84cm;手术时间空心钉组46.28±11.48min,空心钉钢板组55.48±14.26min;术中出血量空心钉组34.16±19.46ml,空心钉钢板组98.46±41.13ml。股骨头坏死空心钉组有3例,空心钉钢板组发现1例。空心钉组出现14例不同程度股骨颈短缩,空心钉钢板组出现4例股骨颈轻度短缩。空心钉组出现11例螺钉不同程度松动退出,空心钉钢板组未出现退钉病例。末次随访空心钉组和空心钉钢板组髋关节Harris评分分别为:90.14±9.08分和93.32±3.11分,差异无统计学意义。

空心钉组在切口长度(P<0.05)、手术持续时间(P<0.05)、出血量(P<0.05)方面较空心钉钢板组有明显优势,但是在股骨颈短缩(P<0.05)、内固定松动退出(P<0.01)、股骨头坏死并发症(P<0.05)及髋关节Harris评分(P>0.05)方面空心钉钢板组的表现更令人满意。 表1. 两组患者围手术期指标及Harris评分比较(x?s) 组别 空心钉组

n

切口长度 手术时间(min) 术中出血量(ml) Harris评分

46±11 55±14 3.146 <0.05

34±19 98±41 5.745 <0.05

90.1±9.1 93.3±3.1 1.842 P>0.05

37 1.7±0.6

空心钉钢板组 31 5.4±1.8

t p

2.134 <0.05

表2.两组患者术后并发症发生情况比较(例) 组别

n

股骨颈短缩

螺钉松动、退出

股骨头坏死

空心钉与空心钉钢板治疗股骨颈骨折的比较

空心钉与空心钉钢板治疗股骨颈骨折的比较摘要:目的:比较半螺纹空心螺钉与空心钉钢板内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法:2015年7月-2018年6月收治股骨颈骨折且适宜行闭合复位内固定治疗的患者共87例,68例获得满意随访。其中男32例,女36例,年龄24-62岁,平均53.2岁。均为GardenⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折,空心钉组
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