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一、 字母 字母顺序表
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 字母的读音 字母 发音 字母 发音 字母 发音 字母 发音 Aa /ei/ Hh /ei t∫/ Oo /?u / Vv /vi:/ Bb /bi:/ Ii /ai/ Pp /pi:/ Ww /d?blju:/ Cc /si:/ Jj /dзei / Qq /kju:/ Xx /eks/ Dd /di:/ Kk /kei/ Rr /a:/ Yy /wai/ Ee /i:/ Ll /el/ Ss /es:/ Zz /zed/ Ff /ef/ Mm /em/ Tt /ti:/ Gg /dзi:/ Nn /en/ Uu /ju:/ 二、 语音
音素、音标的概念
〔1〕音素是记录英语语音的最小单位,英语共48个音素,20个元音,28个辅音。 〔2〕音标是记录音素的符号,现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进展区分,常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。 音标的分类:48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。
1、元音:发音时声带振动,呼出的气流在通过口腔时,不受阻碍发出的语音叫做元音。国际音标中有20个元音,里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。
单元音:[i:] [i] [e] [?] [a:] [?] [?:] [?] [?:] [?] [u:] [u]
前元音:[i:] [i] [e] [?]
后元音:[ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 中元音:[?] [?:] [?]
双元音:[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]
2、辅音:辅音音标:分为清辅音和浊辅音,清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声带振动。
清辅音:[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts] [h] 浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [m]
[n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j]
辅音:
爆破音:[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] 鼻音: [m] [n] [?]
摩擦音:[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [e] [∫] [з] [r] [h]
破擦音:[t∫] [dз] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] 半元音:[w] [j] 舌边音:[l]
前元音 [i:]
eat [ i:t ] 吃 tea [ ti: ]茶 peach [ pi: t∫]桃 he [ hi:]他 she [∫i: ]她 beef [ bi:f ] 牛肉
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jeep [ dзi:p ]吉普车 key [ ki: ] 钥匙 meat [ mi:t ] 肉 cheap [t∫i:p ] 廉价的 [i] fish [ fi∫ ] 鱼 gym [ dзim ] 健身房 kid [ kid ] 小孩fifth [ fifθ ] 第五 sister [ 'sist? ] 姐妹 this [ eis ] 这个
is [ iz]是 six [ siks ] 六 slipper [ 'slip? ]拖鞋 [e]
desk [ desk ] 桌子 pencil [ 'pens?l ]铅笔 pen [ pen ] 钢笔 dress [ dres ] 连衣裙 red [ red ] 红色的 eleven [ i'lev?n ] 十一 bed [ bed ] 床 bread [ bred] 面包 egg [ eɡ]蛋 yes [jes ] [?]
bag [ [b?g] ]包 fan [ f?n ] 风扇 math [ m?θ ]数学
jacket [ 'dз?kit ] 夹克衫 rabbit [ 'r?bit ] 兔子 apple [ '?pl ]苹果 can [ k?n] 可以 cabbage ['k?bidз] 卷心菜 中元音 [?]
young [ j?? ]年轻人 funny [ 'f?ni ]滑稽可笑的 Monday['m?ndi ]星期一 Sunday['s?ndi ]lunch [ l?n t∫ ]午餐 under [ '?nd? ]在…下面 sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ]有时 [?:]curtain [ 'k?:t?n ]窗帘 her [ h?:]她的 skirt [ sk?:t ]裙子
shirt [∫?:t ]衬衫 girl [g?:l ] 女孩 nurse [ n?:s ]护士
thirty [ 'θ?:ti ]三十 [?]
today [ t?'dei ]今天 mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子 river [ 'riv? ]河,江
summer [ 's?m? ]夏季 winter [ 'wint? ] 冬季 colour [ 'k?l? ]颜色computer [ k?m'pju:t? ]电脑 kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠 后元音 [ ɑ:]
bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间 are [ ɑ:]是 classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间 [u: ]
fruit [ fru:t ]水果 noon [ nu:n ]中午 kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠
school [ sku:l ]学校 blue [ blu: ]蓝色的 cool [ ku:l ] 凉爽的 shoe [∫u: ] 鞋子 soup [ su:p] bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ] 卧室 [ u ]
book [ buk ] 书 look [ luk ] wood [ wud ]树林 notebook [ 'n?utbuk ]笔记本
双元音(一) [ai]
kind [ kaind]和蔼的 like [ laik ]喜欢 why [ hwai ] 为什么
quiet[ 'kwai?t ] 安静的 Friday['faidi ]星期五 behind [ bi'haind ]在…后面 July [dзu:lai]七月 sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ] 有时 fight [ fait ] 打架 [ei]
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grape [greip ]葡萄 lake [ leik ]湖泊 eight [ eit ]八 today [ t?'dei ]今天 they [ eei]他们 may [ mei ] 可以
name [ neim ]名字 cake [ keik ]蛋糕 snake [ sneik ]蛇 [i?]
here [ hi? ] 这里 ear [ i? ]耳朵 dear [ di? ]亲爱的 near[ni?]近的 really [ 'ri?li]真地
[?u]
old [ ?uld]老的 tofu [ 't?ufu: ]豆腐 potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆
tomato [ t?'mɑ:t?u]西红柿 clothes [ kl?uez ]衣服 road [ r?ud ]马路
yellow [ 'jel?u ]黄色的 cold [ k?uld ]寒冷的 snowy [ 'sn?ui ]下雪的
双元音(二) [u?]
sour [ 'sau? ] 酸的 sure [∫ u?]当然可以 flower['flau?] 花 [au]
flower [ 'flau? ]花 house [ haus]房子 about [ ?'baut ]关于
playground [ 'pleigraund ]操场 now [ nau ]现在 mouth [ mauθ ] 嘴巴 cloud [ klaud ]云 wow [ wau ] 哇 mountain [ 'mauntin ]山
[ε?]
there [ eε?]那里 wear [ wε? ]穿着 pair [ pε? ]一双
yeah [ jε? ]是 chair [ t∫ε? ]椅子
[?i]
boy [ b ?i ] 男孩 toy [ t ?i ]玩具
noise [ n ?i z ]噪音 enjoy [ in'dз ?i ]享受
爆破音 [p]
pencil [ 'pens?l铅笔 pen [ pen ] 钢笔 picture [ 'pikt∫? ] pants [ p?nts ]裤子 play [ plei ]玩 pear [ pε? ]梨 potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆 park [ pɑ:k ]公园 please [ pli:z ]请 [b]
book [ buk ]书 boy [ b ?i ]男孩 bed [ bed ]床 beef [ bi:f ]牛肉 bread [ bred ]面包 brother [ 'br?e? ]兄弟
board [ b ?:d ]木板 big [ big]大的 banana [ b?'nɑ:n?]香蕉 [t]
two [ tu: ]二 ten [ ten ]十 time [ taim ]时间 today [ t?'dei ] 今天 twelve [ twelv ]十二 twenty [ 'twenti ]二十
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初中音标知识汇总情况
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