上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-阅读理解强化篇高中阅读强化篇训练(三)
Passage31Deepreading,asopposedtosuperficial(shallow)readingwedoontheWeb,isanendangeredpractice,oneweoughttotakestepstopreserveaswewouldahistoricbuildingorasignificantworkofart.Recentresearchhasillustratedthatdeepreading,characterizedasauniqueexperiencedifferentkindfromthemereunderstandingofwords,isslow,immersive(沉浸的),richinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thelimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyhelpfultothedeepreadingexperience.Abook’slackofhyperlinks(超链接),forexample,freesthereaderfrommakingdecisions—shouldIclickonthislinkornot—allowinghertoremainfullyabsorbedinthestory.Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichindetail,indirectreferenceandfiguresofspeech:bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethematerialofliteraturearealsovigorous(有活力的)exerciseforthebrain,drivingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandeven,studiessuggest,increasingourreal-lifecapacity(能力)forrecognition.Noneofthisislikelytohappenwhenwe’rebrowsingthroughawebsite.Althoughwecalltheactivitybythesamename,thedeepreadingofbooksandtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWebareverydifferent,bothintheexperiencetheyproduceandinthecapacitytheydevelop.Agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatonlinereadingmaybelesssatisfying,evenforthe“digitalnatives”towhomitissofamiliar.Researchersreportedthat39%ofchildrenandteensreaddailyusingelectronicdevices,butonly28%readprintedmaterialseveryday.Thosewhoonlyreadonscreenwerethreetimeslesslikelytosaytheyenjoyreadingverymuchandtellwhichbooktheylikebest.Thestudyalsofoundthatyoungpeoplewhoreaddailyonlyonscreenwerenearlytwicelesslikelytobeabove-averagereadersthanthosewhoreaddailyinprintorbothinprintandonscreen.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayabout“deepreading”?A.Itservesasacomplementtoonlinereading.B.Itshouldbepreservedbeforeitistoolate.C.Itismainlysuitableforreadingliterature.D.Itisanindispensablepartofeducation.2.Whydoestheauthoradvocatethereadingofliterature?A.Ithelpspromotereaders’intellectualandemotionalgrowth.B.Itenablesreaderstoappreciatethecomplexityoflanguage.C.Ithelpsreadersbuildupimmersivereadinghabits.D.Itisquicklybecominganendangeredpractice.3.Inwhatwaydoesprinted-pagereadingdifferfromonlinereading?A.Itensuresthereader’scognitivegrowth.B.Itenablesthereadertobefullyengaged.C.Itactivatesadifferentregionofthebrain.D.Ithelpsthereaderlearnrhetoricaldevices.4.Whatdothestudiesshowaboutonlinereading?A.Itgraduallyimpairsone’seyesight.B.Itprovidesup-to-dateinformation.C.Itkeepsarousingreaders’curiosity.D.Itrendersreadinglessenjoyable.5.WhatdowelearnfromthestudyreleasedbyBritain’sNationalLiteracyTrust?A.Onscreenreadersmaybelesscompetentreaders.B.Thosewhodoreadinginprintarelessinformed.C.Youngpeoplefindreadingonscreenmoreenjoyable.D.Itisnoweasiertofindafavoritebookonlinetoread.Keys:BABDAPassage32Thereisevidencethattheusualvarietyofhighbloodpressureis,inpart,afamilialdisease.Sincefamilieshavesimilargenesaswellassimilarenvironments,familialdiseasescouldbeduetosharedgeneticinfluences,tosharedenvironmentalfactors,ortoboth.Forsomeyears,theroleofoneenvironmentfactorcommonlysharedbyfamilies,namelydietarysalt(i.e.,sodiumchloride),hasbeenstudiedatBrookhavenNationalLaboratory.Thesestudiessuggestthatlongexcesssaltintakecanleadtohighbloodpressureinmanandanimals.Someindividuals,however,andsomeratsconsumelargeamountsofsaltwithoutdevelopinghighbloodpressure.Nomatterhowstrictlyallenvironmentalfactorswerecontrolledintheseexperiments,somesalt-fedanimalsneverdevelopedhypertensionwhereasafewrapidlydevelopedveryseverehypertensionfollowedbyearlydeath.Thesemarkedvariationswereinterpretedtoresultfromdifferencesingeneticconstitution.Bymatinglongsuccessivegenerationsofthoseanimalsthatfailedtodevelophypertensionfromsaltintake,aresistantstrain(the\R\strain)hasbeenevolvedinwhichconsumptionoflargequantitiesofsaltfailstoinfluencethebloodpressuresignificantly.Incontrast,bymatingonlyanimalsthatquicklydevelophypertensionfromsalt,sensitivestrain(the\strain)hasalsobeendeveloped.Theavailabilityofthesetwostrainspermitsinvestigationspossible.Theyprovideaplausiblelaboratorymodelonwhichtoinvestigatesomeclinicalaspectsofthehumanhypertension.Moreimportant,theremightbethepossibilityofdevelopingmethodsbywhichgeneticsusceptibility(敏感性)ofhumanbeingstohighbloodpressurecanbedefinedwithoutwaitingforitsappearance.Radioactivesodium22wasanimportant\inworkingoutthecharacteristicsofthesodiumchloridemetabolism.6.Thestudyoftheeffectsofsaltonhighbloodpressurewascarriedout_______.A.asmembersofthesamefamilytendtousesimilaramountsofsaltB.toexplorethelong-termuseofasodiumbasedsubstanceC.becauseitwasproventhatsaltcausedhighbloodpressureD.becauseoftheavailabilityofchemicallypuresaltanditsderivatives7.Themaindifferencebetween\and\ratsistheir_______.A.needforsodium22B.rateofmatingC.reactiontosaltD.typeofblood8.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatsodium22canbeusedto_______.A.controlhighbloodpressureB.curehighbloodpressurecausedbysaltC.tellthe\ratsfromthe\ratsD.determinewhatasodiumchloridemetabolismislike9.Themostbeneficialresultsoftheresearchmightbe_______.A.developmentofdietsfreeofsaltB.anearlycureforhighbloodpressureC.controlofgeneticagentsthatcausehighbloodpressureD.theearlyidentificationofpotentialhighbloodpressurevictims10.Whichofthestatementsbestrelatesthemainideaofthisarticle?A.Whensaltisaddedratsandhumanbeingsreactsimilarly.B.Thenearfuturewillseeacureforhighbloodpressure.C.Themedicalfieldisdesperatelyinneedofresearch.D.Atendencytowardhighbloodpressuremaybeahereditaryfactor.Keys:ACDDDPassage33DisappointedwithdelaysinSacramento(thecapitalofCaliforni(A),BayAreaofficialssaidThursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpilesofelectronicwaste.ASanJosecouncilwomanandaSanFranciscosupervisorsaidtheywouldproposenewlocalplansaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteiftheCalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsdelayedintheAssembly.TheyareamongagrowingnumberofCaliforniacitiesandcountriesthathaveexpressedthesameintentionEnvironmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthedangercausedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.Anestimated6milliontelevisionsandcomputersarestockedinCaliforniahomes,andanadditional6,000to7,000computerssbecomeoutdatedeveryday.Themachinescontainhighlevelsoflead(铅)andotherdangeroussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromCalifornialandfills.AbillbySenator(参议员)ByronSherwouldrequireconsumerstopayarecyclingfeeofupto$30oneverynewmachinecontainingacathoderaytube.Usedinalmostallvideomonitorsandtelevisons,thosedevicescontainfourtoeightpoundsofleadeach.Thefeeswouldgotowardsettinguprecyclingprograms,providinggrantstonon-profitagenciesthatreusethetubesandrewardingmanufacturersthatencouragerecycling.AseparatebillbyLosAngeles-areaSenatorGloriaRomerowouldrequirehigh-techmanufacturerstodevelopprogramstorecycleso-callede-waste.Ifpassed,themeasureswouldputCaliforniaattheforefrontofnationaleffortstomanagetherefuseoftheelectronicage.Buthigh-techgroups,includingtheSiliconValleyManufacturingGroupandtheAmericanElectronicsAssociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateshops.“Whatreallyneedstooccurisconsumereducation.Mostconsumersareunawarethey’renotsupposedtothrowcomputersinthedustbin,”saidRoxanneGould,vicepresidentofgovernmentrelationsfortheelectronicsassociation.Computerrecyclingshouldbealocaleffortandpartofresidentialwastecollectionprograms,sheadded.Recyclingelectronicwasteisadangerousandspecializedmatter,andenvironmentalistsmaintainthestatemustsupportrecyclingeffortsandensurethatthejobisn’tcontractedtojunkdealerswhosendthepoisonouspartsoverseas.“Thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralChina,”saidTedSmith,directoroftheSiliconValleyToxicsCoalition.HisgroupispushingforsomerefinementtoSher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.11.HowwouldBayAreaofficialsdealwiththeproblemofe-waste?A.Togetenoughsupporttopassthedelayedbills.B.TopersuadethelawmakersoftheCaliforniaAssembly.C.Tomakerelevantlocalregulationsbythemselves.D.Toputpressureonmanufacturersofelectronicdevices.12.WhatdothetwobillsdelayedintheCaliforniaAssemblybothconcern?A.Thereprocessingofthehugeamountsofelectronicwasteinthestate.B.Theregulationsondumpingdangeroussubstancesintolandfills.C.Thefundingoflocalinitiativestoreusewasteelectronicdevices.D.Thesalesofthesecond-handelectronicdevicestoforeigncountries.13.High-techgroupsbelievethatifanextrafeeischargedoneveryTVorcomputerpurchasedinCalifornia,consumerswill_________________.A.hesitatetoupgradetheircomputersB.abandononlineshoppingC.stronglyprotestagainstsuchachargeD.buythemfromotherstates14.WelearnfromthepassagethatmuchofCalifornia’selectronicwastehasbeen____________.A.dumpedintolocallandfillsB.exportedtoforeigncountriesC.collectedbynon-profitagenciesD.recycledbycomputermanufacturersKeys:CADBPassage34InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountrysidetherearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhacking(黑客的)tricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Farmerhasmadetheprogrampubliclyavailable,amidmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle(闯入…行窃).ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsiteyourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowtheWebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.Atthesametime,theNetisincreasinglypopulatedwithspiders,worms,agentsandothertypesofautomatedbeastsdesignedtopenetratethesitesandseekoutandclassifyinformation.Allthesemakewonderfultoolsforantisocialpeoplewhowanttoinvadeweaksitesandcausedamage.Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalism(恶意破坏)isn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveapeculiardislikeforsomeone.Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.15.Bysaying“…ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors”(Line3-4,Para.2),theauthormeansthat______.A.thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithusB.theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryaboutC.manysitesarenotwell-protectedD.hackerstryouttricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin16.SATAN,aprogramdesignedbyDanFarmer,canbeused______.A.toinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsitesB.toimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystemC.topreventhackersfrombreakingintowebsitesD.todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation17.Farmer’sprogramhasbeencriticizedbythepublicbecause______.A.itcausesdamagetoNetbrowsersB.itcanbreakintoInternetsitesC.itcanbeusedtocausedisorderonallsitesD.itcanbeusedbypeoplewithevilintent18.Theauthor’sattitudetowardSATANis______.A.enthusiastic
上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-阅读理解强化篇训练(三) - 图文
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