上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-阅读理解强化篇高中阅读强化篇训练（三）
Passage31Deepreading,asopposedtosuperficial(shallow)readingwedoontheWeb,isanendangeredpractice,oneweoughttotakestepstopreserveaswewouldahistoricbuildingorasignificantworkofart.Recentresearchhasillustratedthatdeepreading,characterizedasauniqueexperiencedifferentkindfromthemereunderstandingofwords,isslow,immersive(沉浸的),richinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thelimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyhelpfultothedeepreadingexperience.Abook’slackofhyperlinks(超链接),forexample,freesthereaderfrommakingdecisions—shouldIclickonthislinkornot—allowinghertoremainfullyabsorbedinthestory.Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichindetail,indirectreferenceandfiguresofspeech:bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethematerialofliteraturearealsovigorous(有活力的)exerciseforthebrain,drivingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandeven,studiessuggest,increasingourreal-lifecapacity(能力)forrecognition.Noneofthisislikelytohappenwhenwe’rebrowsingthroughawebsite.Althoughwecalltheactivitybythesamename,thedeepreadingofbooksandtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWebareverydifferent,bothintheexperiencetheyproduceandinthecapacitytheydevelop.Agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatonlinereadingmaybelesssatisfying,evenforthe“digitalnatives”towhomitissofamiliar.Researchersreportedthat39%ofchildrenandteensreaddailyusingelectronicdevices,butonly28%readprintedmaterialseveryday.Thosewhoonlyreadonscreenwerethreetimeslesslikelytosaytheyenjoyreadingverymuchandtellwhichbooktheylikebest.Thestudyalsofoundthatyoungpeoplewhoreaddailyonlyonscreenwerenearlytwicelesslikelytobeabove-averagereadersthanthosewhoreaddailyinprintorbothinprintandonscreen.1．Whatdoestheauthorsayabout“deepreading”?A．Itservesasacomplementtoonlinereading.B．Itshouldbepreservedbeforeitistoolate.C．Itismainlysuitableforreadingliterature.D．Itisanindispensablepartofeducation.2．Whydoestheauthoradvocatethereadingofliterature?A．Ithelpspromotereaders’intellectualandemotionalgrowth.B．Itenablesreaderstoappreciatethecomplexityoflanguage.C．Ithelpsreadersbuildupimmersivereadinghabits.D．Itisquicklybecominganendangeredpractice.3．Inwhatwaydoesprinted-pagereadingdifferfromonlinereading?A．Itensuresthereader’scognitivegrowth.B．Itenablesthereadertobefullyengaged.C．Itactivatesadifferentregionofthebrain.D．Ithelpsthereaderlearnrhetoricaldevices.4．Whatdothestudiesshowaboutonlinereading?A．Itgraduallyimpairsone’seyesight.B．Itprovidesup-to-dateinformation.C．Itkeepsarousingreaders’curiosity.D．Itrendersreadinglessenjoyable.5．WhatdowelearnfromthestudyreleasedbyBritain’sNationalLiteracyTrust?A．Onscreenreadersmaybelesscompetentreaders.B．Thosewhodoreadinginprintarelessinformed.C．Youngpeoplefindreadingonscreenmoreenjoyable.D．Itisnoweasiertofindafavoritebookonlinetoread.Keys:BABDAPassage32Thereisevidencethattheusualvarietyofhighbloodpressureis,inpart,afamilialdisease.Sincefamilieshavesimilargenesaswellassimilarenvironments,familialdiseasescouldbeduetosharedgeneticinfluences,tosharedenvironmentalfactors,ortoboth.Forsomeyears,theroleofoneenvironmentfactorcommonlysharedbyfamilies,namelydietarysalt(i.e.,sodiumchloride),hasbeenstudiedatBrookhavenNationalLaboratory.Thesestudiessuggestthatlongexcesssaltintakecanleadtohighbloodpressureinmanandanimals.Someindividuals,however,andsomeratsconsumelargeamountsofsaltwithoutdevelopinghighbloodpressure.Nomatterhowstrictlyallenvironmentalfactorswerecontrolledintheseexperiments,somesalt-fedanimalsneverdevelopedhypertensionwhereasafewrapidlydevelopedveryseverehypertensionfollowedbyearlydeath.Thesemarkedvariationswereinterpretedtoresultfromdifferencesingeneticconstitution.Bymatinglongsuccessivegenerationsofthoseanimalsthatfailedtodevelophypertensionfromsaltintake,aresistantstrain(the\R\strain)hasbeenevolvedinwhichconsumptionoflargequantitiesofsaltfailstoinfluencethebloodpressuresignificantly.Incontrast,bymatingonlyanimalsthatquicklydevelophypertensionfromsalt,sensitivestrain(the\strain)hasalsobeendeveloped.Theavailabilityofthesetwostrainspermitsinvestigationspossible.Theyprovideaplausiblelaboratorymodelonwhichtoinvestigatesomeclinicalaspectsofthehumanhypertension.Moreimportant,theremightbethepossibilityofdevelopingmethodsbywhichgeneticsusceptibility(敏感性)ofhumanbeingstohighbloodpressurecanbedefinedwithoutwaitingforitsappearance.Radioactivesodium22wasanimportant\inworkingoutthecharacteristicsofthesodiumchloridemetabolism.6．Thestudyoftheeffectsofsaltonhighbloodpressurewascarriedout_______.A．asmembersofthesamefamilytendtousesimilaramountsofsaltB．toexplorethelong-termuseofasodiumbasedsubstanceC．becauseitwasproventhatsaltcausedhighbloodpressureD．becauseoftheavailabilityofchemicallypuresaltanditsderivatives7．Themaindifferencebetween\and\ratsistheir_______.A．needforsodium22B．rateofmatingC．reactiontosaltD．typeofblood8．Wecaninferfromthearticlethatsodium22canbeusedto_______.A．controlhighbloodpressureB．curehighbloodpressurecausedbysaltC．tellthe\ratsfromthe\ratsD．determinewhatasodiumchloridemetabolismislike9．Themostbeneficialresultsoftheresearchmightbe_______.A．developmentofdietsfreeofsaltB．anearlycureforhighbloodpressureC．controlofgeneticagentsthatcausehighbloodpressureD．theearlyidentificationofpotentialhighbloodpressurevictims10．Whichofthestatementsbestrelatesthemainideaofthisarticle?A．Whensaltisaddedratsandhumanbeingsreactsimilarly.B．Thenearfuturewillseeacureforhighbloodpressure.C．Themedicalfieldisdesperatelyinneedofresearch.D．Atendencytowardhighbloodpressuremaybeahereditaryfactor.Keys:ACDDDPassage33DisappointedwithdelaysinSacramento(thecapitalofCaliforni(A),BayAreaofficialssaidThursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpilesofelectronicwaste.ASanJosecouncilwomanandaSanFranciscosupervisorsaidtheywouldproposenewlocalplansaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteiftheCalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsdelayedintheAssembly.TheyareamongagrowingnumberofCaliforniacitiesandcountriesthathaveexpressedthesameintentionEnvironmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthedangercausedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.Anestimated6milliontelevisionsandcomputersarestockedinCaliforniahomes,andanadditional6,000to7,000computerssbecomeoutdatedeveryday.Themachinescontainhighlevelsoflead(铅)andotherdangeroussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromCalifornialandfills.AbillbySenator(参议员)ByronSherwouldrequireconsumerstopayarecyclingfeeofupto$30oneverynewmachinecontainingacathoderaytube.Usedinalmostallvideomonitorsandtelevisons,thosedevicescontainfourtoeightpoundsofleadeach.Thefeeswouldgotowardsettinguprecyclingprograms,providinggrantstonon-profitagenciesthatreusethetubesandrewardingmanufacturersthatencouragerecycling.AseparatebillbyLosAngeles-areaSenatorGloriaRomerowouldrequirehigh-techmanufacturerstodevelopprogramstorecycleso-callede-waste.Ifpassed,themeasureswouldputCaliforniaattheforefrontofnationaleffortstomanagetherefuseoftheelectronicage.Buthigh-techgroups,includingtheSiliconValleyManufacturingGroupandtheAmericanElectronicsAssociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateshops.“Whatreallyneedstooccurisconsumereducation.Mostconsumersareunawarethey’renotsupposedtothrowcomputersinthedustbin,”saidRoxanneGould,vicepresidentofgovernmentrelationsfortheelectronicsassociation.Computerrecyclingshouldbealocaleffortandpartofresidentialwastecollectionprograms,sheadded.Recyclingelectronicwasteisadangerousandspecializedmatter,andenvironmentalistsmaintainthestatemustsupportrecyclingeffortsandensurethatthejobisn’tcontractedtojunkdealerswhosendthepoisonouspartsoverseas.“Thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralChina,”saidTedSmith,directoroftheSiliconValleyToxicsCoalition.HisgroupispushingforsomerefinementtoSher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.11．HowwouldBayAreaofficialsdealwiththeproblemofe-waste?A．Togetenoughsupporttopassthedelayedbills.B．TopersuadethelawmakersoftheCaliforniaAssembly.C．Tomakerelevantlocalregulationsbythemselves.D．Toputpressureonmanufacturersofelectronicdevices.12．WhatdothetwobillsdelayedintheCaliforniaAssemblybothconcern?A．Thereprocessingofthehugeamountsofelectronicwasteinthestate.B．Theregulationsondumpingdangeroussubstancesintolandfills.C．Thefundingoflocalinitiativestoreusewasteelectronicdevices.D．Thesalesofthesecond-handelectronicdevicestoforeigncountries.13．High-techgroupsbelievethatifanextrafeeischargedoneveryTVorcomputerpurchasedinCalifornia,consumerswill_________________.A．hesitatetoupgradetheircomputersB．abandononlineshoppingC．stronglyprotestagainstsuchachargeD．buythemfromotherstates14．WelearnfromthepassagethatmuchofCalifornia’selectronicwastehasbeen____________.A．dumpedintolocallandfillsB．exportedtoforeigncountriesC．collectedbynon-profitagenciesD．recycledbycomputermanufacturersKeys:CADBPassage34InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountrysidetherearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhacking(黑客的)tricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Farmerhasmadetheprogrampubliclyavailable,amidmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle(闯入…行窃).ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsiteyourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowtheWebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.Atthesametime,theNetisincreasinglypopulatedwithspiders,worms,agentsandothertypesofautomatedbeastsdesignedtopenetratethesitesandseekoutandclassifyinformation.Allthesemakewonderfultoolsforantisocialpeoplewhowanttoinvadeweaksitesandcausedamage.Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalism(恶意破坏)isn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveapeculiardislikeforsomeone.Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.15．Bysaying“…ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors”(Line3-4,Para.2),theauthormeansthat______.A．thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithusB．theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryaboutC．manysitesarenotwell-protectedD．hackerstryouttricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin16．SATAN,aprogramdesignedbyDanFarmer,canbeused______.A．toinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsitesB．toimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystemC．topreventhackersfrombreakingintowebsitesD．todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation17．Farmer’sprogramhasbeencriticizedbythepublicbecause______.A．itcausesdamagetoNetbrowsersB．itcanbreakintoInternetsitesC．itcanbeusedtocausedisorderonallsitesD．itcanbeusedbypeoplewithevilintent18．Theauthor’sattitudetowardSATANis______.A．enthusiastic
上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-阅读理解强化篇训练（三） - 图文
