2020届高三高考英语复习语法讲解及练习题:动词的语态【含答案】
重难点分析
在英语中,被动语态使用得比汉语要多、要普遍,但大多数句子都使用主动语态。被动语态在英语中极为重要。高考中通常把时态和语态结合起来考查。
动词的语态有两种:主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
People speak English all over the world. 全世界的人都在讲英语。(the active voice) English is spoken by people all over the world. (the passive voice) 一、动词的被动语态构成一览表(以ask为例) 常用被动语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 构成 am/is/are asked was/were asked will/shall be asked am/is/are being asked 常用被动语态 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去将来完成时 构成 have/has been asked had been asked would/should be asked would/should have been asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 含有情态动词 can/must/may…be asked 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后面加not;短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介、副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如:We are not allowed to smoke. 不允许我们抽烟。/ He is often made fun of by his classmates. 他经常被他的同班同学捉弄。/ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m. 过去报纸常常是上午10点被送到的。
据说类动词,如:It is said/believed/supposed/reported that…, It is generally considered 注that…, It is well known that…等,及It must be admitted/pointed out that…等结构常以被动意形式出现。 事以下主动形式常表被动意义:The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. 这辆自行车需要修项 理。/ The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。/ The door won’t shut/open. 这门不能关/开。/ The play won’t act. 这部戏不能演。/ The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。/ The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。/ The dish tastes delicious. 这份菜尝起来很美味。/ Water feels very cold. 水摸上去很冷。 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词):appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等 系动词无被动语态(“keep”除外):be, appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等
二、被动语态和系表结构的区别
1. 被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作,而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如: The cup was broken by a boy. 这个杯子是被一个男孩打破的。(被动语态) The cup is broken. 这杯子是破的。(系表结构)
2. 前者可有多种时态,而后者通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:
My bike is being / will be / was repaired. (被动语态) 我的自行车正在被修理/将被修理/被修理过了。
He is/was interested in his work. (系表结构) 他对他的工作感兴趣。 3. 被动语态可跟by短语,表动作的执行者。如:
The dress was made by my mother. 这件衣服是我妈妈做的。 考点练透
一、单句填空 用括号中所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空。
1. When money __________(spend), we can earn it back, but when time is lost, it will never return.
2. Customers are asked to make sure that they __________(give) the right change before leaving the shop.
3. Great changes __________(take place) in the city, and a lot of factories __________(set up). 4. The police found that the house __________(break into) and a lot of things __________(steal).
5. The discussion __________(come) alive when an interesting topic was brought in. 6. The head teacher says that all the preparations for the party __________(complete) by Friday.
7. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold frost __________(expect) to arrive. 8. The careless driver is __________(blame) for the traffic accident that __________(happen) yesterday.
9. Flowers usually __________(sell) well on Valentine’s Day, so their flowers __________(sell) in
2020届高三高考英语复习语法讲解及练习题:动词的语态【含答案】
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