2020届高三高考英语复习语法讲解及练习题：动词的语态【含答案】
重难点分析
在英语中，被动语态使用得比汉语要多、要普遍，但大多数句子都使用主动语态。被动语态在英语中极为重要。高考中通常把时态和语态结合起来考查。
动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
People speak English all over the world. 全世界的人都在讲英语。(the active voice) English is spoken by people all over the world. (the passive voice) 一、动词的被动语态构成一览表(以ask为例) 常用被动语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 构成 am/is/are asked was/were asked will/shall be asked am/is/are being asked 常用被动语态 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去将来完成时 构成 have/has been asked had been asked would/should be asked would/should have been asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 含有情态动词 can/must/may…be asked 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后面加not；短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介、副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如：We are not allowed to smoke. 不允许我们抽烟。/ He is often made fun of by his classmates. 他经常被他的同班同学捉弄。/ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m. 过去报纸常常是上午10点被送到的。
据说类动词，如：It is said/believed/supposed/reported that…, It is generally considered 注that…, It is well known that…等，及It must be admitted/pointed out that…等结构常以被动意形式出现。 事以下主动形式常表被动意义：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. 这辆自行车需要修项 理。/ The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。/ The door won’t shut/open. 这门不能关/开。/ The play won’t act. 这部戏不能演。/ The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。/ The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。/ The dish tastes delicious. 这份菜尝起来很美味。/ Water feels very cold. 水摸上去很冷。 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)：appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等 系动词无被动语态(“keep”除外)：be, appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等
二、被动语态和系表结构的区别
1. 被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如： The cup was broken by a boy. 这个杯子是被一个男孩打破的。(被动语态) The cup is broken. 这杯子是破的。(系表结构)
2. 前者可有多种时态，而后者通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：
My bike is being / will be / was repaired. (被动语态) 我的自行车正在被修理/将被修理/被修理过了。
He is/was interested in his work. (系表结构) 他对他的工作感兴趣。 3. 被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者。如：
The dress was made by my mother. 这件衣服是我妈妈做的。 考点练透
一、单句填空 用括号中所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空。
1. When money __________(spend), we can earn it back, but when time is lost, it will never return.
2. Customers are asked to make sure that they __________(give) the right change before leaving the shop.
3. Great changes __________(take place) in the city, and a lot of factories __________(set up). 4. The police found that the house __________(break into) and a lot of things __________(steal).
5. The discussion __________(come) alive when an interesting topic was brought in. 6. The head teacher says that all the preparations for the party __________(complete) by Friday.
7. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold frost __________(expect) to arrive. 8. The careless driver is __________(blame) for the traffic accident that __________(happen) yesterday.
9. Flowers usually __________(sell) well on Valentine’s Day, so their flowers __________(sell) in
2020届高三高考英语复习语法讲解及练习题：动词的语态【含答案】
