2002年
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _ ，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20 century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that Process in 8 . It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .
It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
1. ［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later 2. ［A］after ［B］by ［C］during ［D］until 3. ［A］means ［B］method ［C］medium ［D］measure 4. ［A］process ［B］company ［C］light ［D］form 5. ［A］gathered ［B］speeded ［C］worked ［D］picked 6. ［A］on ［B］out ［C］over ［D］off 7. ［A］of ［B］for ［C］beyond ［D］into 8. ［A］concept ［B］dimension ［C］effect ［D］perspective 9. ［A］indeed ［B］hence ［C］however ［D］therefore 10. ［A］brought ［B］followed ［C］stimulated ［D］characterized 11. ［A］unless ［B］since ［C］lest ［D］although 12. ［A］apparent ［B］desirable ［C］negative ［D］plausible 13. ［A］institutional ［B］universal ［C］fundamental ［D］instrumental 14. ［A］ability ［B］capability ［C］capacity ［D］faculty
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15. ［A］by means of ［B］in terms of ［C］with regard to［D］in line with 16. ［A］deeper ［B］fewer ［C］nearer ［D］smaller 17. ［A］context ［B］range ［C］scope ［D］territory 18. ［A］regarded ［B］impressed ［C］influenced ［D］effected 19. ［A］competitive ［B］controversial ［C］distracting ［D］irrational 20. ［A］above ［B］upon ［C］against ［D］with
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
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21. To make your humor work, you should .
[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience [B] make fun of the disorganized people
[C] address different problems to different people [D] show sympathy for your listeners
22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .
[A] impolite to new arrivals
[B] very conscious of their godlike role [C] entitled to some privileges [D] very busy even during lunch hours
23. It can be inferred from the text that public services .
[A] have benefited many people [B] are the focus of public attention [C] are an inappropriate subject for humor [D] have often been the laughing stock
24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .
[A] in well-worded language [B] as awkwardly as possible [C] in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible
25. The best title for the text may be .
[A] Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor [C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor Strategies
Text 2
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,\says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we
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2002年考研英语真题及解析(答案很详细-值得下载一看)
