情态动词
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might)…… ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,will
③具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to,ought to
④情态动词表猜测:一肯一否三不定(must一肯,can not一否,may,might,could,三不定。) 注:mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观,have to表示客观。 常用的有:can may could must have use .
情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 \。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。
情态动词表推测的用法小结
(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),can,could(可能),might /may(也许,或许)。 e.g:(1)He must/can/may,might know the answer to this question. 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能),may not/might not(可能不)。 e.g:(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长,他去美国了。
(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。
3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。 e.g:(1).Could he have finished the task?
他可能把任务完成了吗?
注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might,could并非may,can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 e.g:(1).She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
e.g:(1).He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
(2).He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。
3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。
e.g:(1).It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。
(2).The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。
注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如:
(4).It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)
(5).Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret,but he meant no harm. (虚拟)
汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
can 和could 表示推测的用法
对现在或将来的推测,两者均可用,但can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不用于肯定句,而could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句;对过去的推测,应在 can,could 之后接动词的完成式,且此时can仍只用于否定句或疑问句,不用于肯定句;而could 则可用于各种句型。如:
Can [Could] this be true? 这能是真的吗
Where can [could] he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢
She can’t [couldn’t] have left so soon. 她不可能走得这么早。
注:could后接动词的完成式,除表示对过去的推测外,还可表示过去没有实现的可能性(即某事本来可以发生,却没发生),或委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做(此时不用can)。如: You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。
You needn’t have cooked it. We could have eaten it raw. 你其实可以不煮熟(它),我们(本来)可以生吃。
can 和could 表示允许的用法
表示现在的允许时,若是请求别人允许自己做某事,两者均可用,但用could 语气更委婉;若是自己允许别人做某事,一般只用 can,而不用 could。如: Can [Could] I come in? 我可以进来吗
“Could [Can] I use your pen? ” “Yes,of course you can.” “我可以借用你的钢笔吗?”“当然可以。”(不能说Yes,you could.)
表示过去的允许时,若表示过去一般性允许(即表示某人随时都可以做某事),用could;若表示在过去某一特定情况下允许进行某一特定的活动,则不用 could。如:
When I lived at home,I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 我住在家里时,想什么时候看电影就可以什么时候看。(一般性允许)
I was allowed to see the film yesterday evening. 昨天晚上允许我去看了电影。(特定的允许,不能用 could)
can 和could 表示能力的用法
can 表示现在的能力,could 表示过去的能力,要表示将来具备的能力通常 be able to 的将来时态。其中要注意的是,could 表示过去的能力,通常只用于表示过去一般性能力,而不表示过去具体某次特定情形下能够做某事的能力。如: 他学习很努力,所以考试能及格。
误:He studied hard and could pass the exam. 正:He studied hard and was able to pass the exam.
注:若在否定句中没有以上限制,即couldn’t 可表示过去特定情况下的能力,如可说 He studied hard but still couldn’t pass the exam. 口诀:情态动词两特点
动词原形接后面,说话语气较委婉。can \能力\许可\,must\责任\或\义务\。否定回答needn’t换,\需要\敢\。should\应该\,would\愿\,have to\被迫\表客观。
情态动词专项练习题
1. --- Where is Mary? --- She ____ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been 2. His room is dark. He must ____ to bed.
A. go B. be going C. have gone D. have been gone 3. “Will your father stay home tonight?” “I’m not sure, He ____to work.” A. must go B. can go C. may be gone D. may be going 4. “Where is Tom?” “He isn’t here I think he ____ have gone home.” A. may B. must C. might D. A or B or C 5. “I think Helen is at home.”
“ No, she ____ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.” A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. daren’t 6. He’s late. What ____ have happened to him?
A. can B. may C. should D, must
7. “ _____ he be watching TV now?” Yes, he _____ be watching TV now.” No, he _____ be watching TV now.”
A. Must; can; mustn’t B. Can; must; can’t C. Must; must; can’t D. Can; can; mustn’t 8. “____. He have left yesterday?” Yes, he ____ yesterday.” No, he ____ yesterday.” A. Must; must have left; can’t have left B. Can; can have left; can’t have left C. Can; must have left; can’t have left D. May; must have left; shouldn’t have left 9. You must be a writer, ____ you?
A. mustn’t B. are C. must D. aren’t 10. You must have seen her yesterday, ____ you?
A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t 11. You must have seen her, ____ you?
A. haven’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. A or B 12. There was plenty of time. She ____ worried or hurried.
A. mustn’t have B. shouldn’t have C. must be D. needn’t have
13. I got up early, but I ____ so because I had no work to do that morning.
A. mustn’t have done B. didn’t need to do C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done 14. I ____ up early this morning. So I stayed in bed till 9 a. m.
A. needn’t have got B. didn’t need to get C. shouldn’t have got D. can’t have got 15. The flower is dead. I ____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given 16. He ____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
A. could B. should C. ought to D. A or B or C 17. “Must he do it?” “No, he ____.”
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. doesn’t have to D. B or C 18. “Need you go now?” “Yes, I ____.” “No, I ____.”
A. need; needn’t B. must; needn’t C. may; mustn’t D. can; needn’t 19. “May I borrow your bike?” “No, you ____.”
A. mustn’t B. may not C. had better not D. can’t 20. “Can I do it?” “No, you ____.”or “No, please ____.”
A. can’t; doesn’t B. can’t; don’t C. can’t; can’t D. can’t; you don’t 21. I missed the last bus, so I ____ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. may D. had to 22. We ____ hurry if we want to arrive in time.
A. must B. need C. may D. have to 23. He ought to have won the first prize, ____ he?
A. oughtn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. oughtn’t to 24. He ____ get up early when he lived in the countryside. A. would B. used to C. mustn’t D. can’t 25. My brother ____ be very naughty, and my sister ____ like reading.
A. used to; would B. would; used to C. used to; used to D. would; would 26. ____ you please pass on a message to him?
A. Do B. Shall C. May D. Will 27. ____ we set off now?
A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. ought 28. “____ he open the window?” Yes, please.” A. Does B. will C. Shall D. Would 29. I’ve told him many times, but he ____ listen to my advice.
A. shall not B. won’t C. will not D. wouldn’t 30. “Will you lend me a hand?” “Yes, I ____.”
A. will B. shall C. can D. may 31. Everyone ____ do his best for the modernization of China.
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you 32. Let’s clean our room, ____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you 33. Let us watch TV, ____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we 34. Close the door after you, ____ you?
A. don’t B. do C. shall D. will 35. Every time he meets me, he ____ to me.
A. smiled B. would smile C. will smile
情态动词部分
1-5 BCCDC 6-10 ABCDC 11-15 DDCBD D. do you D. is smiling 16-20 DDBDB
初中英语情态动词专项练习题
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