Fish?Conservation?and?
Management
CONS?486
Fisheries?OVERexploitation
Ludwig?et?al?1993Paulyet?al.?2002Post?et?al.?2002?
Topics:?Fisheries?overexploitation
?Causes?of?commercial?fishery?overexploitation?Can?recreational?fisheries?be?over‐exploited?
Major?theme:?Linking?science?to?conservation?&?management
?????
PhysiologyBehaviour
Population?ecologyEcosystem?ecologyHabitat?data?(limnology,?oceanography)?Life?history
?Fisheries?
exploitation?data?Applied?life?history?data?Human?
dimensions:?socio‐economic?data
Basic?science
Applied?science
?Protecting?populations??&?habitats?Restoring?populations?&?habitats
ConservationManagement
?Harvest?regulations?Managing?fisheries?&?habitats
Global?commercial?fisheries?crisis?
?
Ocean?fisheries?crisis:?commercial?harvest?and?widespread?population?declines?(Jackson?et?al.?2001;?Reynolds?et?al.?2001;?Smith?2002;?Christensen?et?al.?2003;?Hilbornet?al.?2003;?Pauly?et?al.?2003;?Watson?et?al.?2003)
Widespread?ocean?biodiversity?losses?(Worm?et?al.?2006)
?
‐(A)?Trajectories?of?collapsed?fish?and?invertebrate?taxa?over?the?past?50?years?(diamonds,?collapses?by?year;?triangles,?cumulative?collapses).?Data?are?shown?for?all??(black),?species‐poor?(<500?species,?blue),?and?species‐rich?(>500?species,?red)?large?marine?areas.
(B)?Map?of?all?64?Large?Marine?Areas,?color‐coded?according?to?their?total?fish?species?richness.
Introduction
?Overexploitation:?harvest?a?resource?to?the?point?of?diminishing?returns
?I.e.,?resource?becomes?unsustainable
?Most?overexploitation?research?focuses?on?marine?commercial?fisheries?3?processes?involved
?Tend?to?occur?in?sequence
?Overexploitation?can?occur?with?just?the?first?two?but?the?third?is?often?observed
鱼类养护和管理 (10)
