Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me. ④ n. 戒指
★aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼) 男性则是uncle: 叔叔
他们的孩子:cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)
cousin的孩子:nephew 外甥;niece 外甥女 ★repeat v. 重复 ① vt. 重复
Will you repeat the last word?
They are repeating that wonderful paly. ② vi. 重做,重说
Please repeat after me. Don’t repeat. 【课文讲解】
1、It was Sunday.
it指时间、天气、温度或距离,it被称为“虚主语”(empty subject)。作为第三人称单数的中性代词,it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人: It is a lovely baby.
2、I never get up early on Sundays.
on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用,表示经常性的行为。
介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中:on Monday,on Monday morning,on that day 当使用last,next,this,that 时,介词(以及定冠词)必须省略: I’ll see you next/this Friday.
never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词) I don't like her.=I never like her.
3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词: It’s time for bed now.
You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必须再卧床两天。 4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. just then: 就在那时
如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用it取代 Who are you?/Who is it ?
5、I've just arrived by train,
by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数);如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或on I go out by bus.
I go out in/on two buses. (指具体的两辆车介词用 in/on) Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea. 如果是特指的交通工具,则要加冠词或其他限定词: My aunt left by the 9:15 train.
by air 乘飞机 by bicycle/bike 骑自行车 by boat 乘船 by bus 乘公共汽车 by car 乘小汽车 by land 由陆路
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by plane 乘飞机 by sea 由海路 by ship 乘船 by train 乘火车
6、I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你. 用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来,表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有:go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join? 7、Dear me!
天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!
美国人说 : My god! 注意美英的发音不同. 【Key structures】 现在进行时和一般现在时
现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与now,just,still等副词连用: I am working as a teacher. \现阶段\He is still sleeping. (现在还在睡觉) Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮。
一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副 词often,always,sometimes,never,frequently,rarely,ever等连用。 Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him. 频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后;如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间;疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中not必须放在always 之前,而且也出现在 generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前;not必须出现在sometimes和 frequently之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾;在特别强调和需要对比时,frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副词可用于句首。
I get paid on Friday usually.
Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath. 非实义动词 : ① 系动词(be)
② 帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has) ③ 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此之外都是实义动词. I frequently go to bed hungry. (形容词作状语) He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学. You must come here hungry.空腹来这里. 【Special Difficulties】 以what开头的感叹句:
在英语中可用what引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情,在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。
What 对名词感叹,感叹句的结构为:What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)! What a good girl (she is)! (主、谓可省)
有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。 What a thing to say! 多么难听的话啊! What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)! ★Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card
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★send v. 寄, 送 send a letter 寄信
send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送(寄)什么东西
send/take children to school:take强调某人亲自送;send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车
take flowers to his wife 自己送
send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送 ★postcard n. 明信片
两个爆破音在一起,前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音 name card /visiting card 名片
Here is my name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作) ID card 身份证 (ID 身份) credit card 信用卡
cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种) ★spoil(spoiled,spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏 ① vt. 弄坏,损坏,糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend. 这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。 The rain spoiled the school sports. 这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。 This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday. ② vt. 宠坏,惯坏,溺爱
Don’t spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。 His parents spoiled the boy.
spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱 break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃 damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重 destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁
以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil主要指精神上的 ★museum n. 博物馆 Palace Museum 故宫 ★public adj. 公共的
① adj. 公共的,公众的,社会的
There is a public library in this town. I always sit in public gardens on Sundays. ② adj. 公开的,众人皆知的
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他们的秘密会晤20年以后才被公开。 public house(酒吧)简称pub public place 公共场所
in public 公开的;in private 私下里的
Let’s have a conversation in private. 让我们私下谈谈?
Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?) ③ n. 公众,群众,大众
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The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公众对他的解释很满意。 The museum is open to the public on Sunday. ★friendly adj. 友好的 咯 friendly是形容词,单独使用时一般做定语;作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
He is not very friendly to John. She gave me a friendly greeting.
He always greets me in a friendly way.
以-ly结尾的形容词还有lovely,brotherly,fatherly,manly,motherly ★waiter n. 服务员, 招待员
waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里 chief waiter 领班
I want to see the chief waiter. 我要见你们的领班。 shop assistant 商店里的店员
attendant n. (其他公共场所的)服务员 ★lend v. 借给
lend to(借出):lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.
borrow from(借进):borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. (borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.) He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet. ★decision n. 决定
make /take a decision作出决定
It was not easy for me to make/take this decision. Are you made/taken a decision?
make a big/great decision (big:重大;great:伟大, 更重大) decide v. 决定
★whole adj. 整个的
a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole?,the whole day 整天 ,two whole weeks 整整两星期 all th?,all the day (the可省略) 整天
all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词;一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the all of us;all of the students ★single adj. 唯一的, 单一的 反义词 : double 双倍的 【课文讲解】
1、Last summer, I went to Italy. last:
① adj. 上一个
last summer里的last表示 “上一个”
② adj. 最后一个,表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the
the last day 最后一天 (具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on) 2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Italian于Italy : 注意重读音的位置不同
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teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事 He teaches our English.(错) He teaches us English.(对)
语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
a few可与复数可数名词连用,表示肯定,含有 some,a small number of(一些,少数几个)的意思。
The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要问他一些问题。 3、Everyday I thought about postcards.
think about/of 考虑, 思考,指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of还可指想到 What do you think of?
What do you think of TV program last night?
What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样? think over 仔细考虑,反复思考 What’s the weather like today? cold, chilly(非常非常冷), freeze I'll freeze.我要冻僵了
4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时,意思为“花(时间)”、“ 度 过 ” spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间 I spend three hours in the sea. I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday. I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞) spend还可以表示“花钱”
If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again. I can’t spend any more on this car. 【Key structures】 一般过去时
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生,而不指动作持续多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter? Yes, I caught a cold last winter. 【Special Difficulties】 直接宾语与间接宾语
双宾语:直接宾语(表示动作结果,动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标,动作是谁做的或为谁做的,通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前,如果间接宾语在后,间接宾主前必须加“to”(表示动作对什么人做)或“for”(表示动作为什么人而做)。 give sb. sth./give sth to sb
间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对??而言)或 for(为??而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、 “为”的,就用for;如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用to
与to相连的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy,pay,hand,bring,show,promise,offer,owe
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