The other half, she took one piece away and gave the monkey just the remaining piece. Jake, on the other hand, always gave exactly what he showed: one piece for each disk. The monkeys chose to trade more with Allison.
Experiment Two: Allison continued to sometimes gave two pieces and sometimes one piece. But now, half the time, Jake gave the one apple piece he was showing, and half the time he added a bonus. Guess what? The monkeys chose to trade more with Jake.
In the first experiment, the monkeys correctly figured out that if they traded with Allison, they'd end up with more treats. In the second one, when a monkey received two pieces from Jake, it seemed like again. When Allison gave the monkey only one piece instead of the two she showed, it seemed like a loss. The monkeys preferred trading with Jake because they'd rather take a chance of seeming to win than seeming to lose.
We also sometimes make silly business decisions just to avoid the feeling that we're getting less, even when were not. Would you have made the same choices?
（1）What conclusion might experts draw from the first experiment?
A. The monkeys show certain business sense. B. Business theories can apply to all monkeys. C. People are smarter in terms of finance. D. It's easy to teach monkeys how to trade. （2）What does a bonus in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A metal disk. B. An apple piece. C. A chance. D. A coin. （3）Why did the monkeys choose to trade more with Jake in the second experiment? A. Because Jake always gave them two apple pieces. B. Because the apple pieces from Jake were yummy.
C. Because they didn't like the feeling of losing. D. Because they get more apple pieces from Jake.
（4）What could be the best title for the passage?
A. People's Business Decision: Lose or Gain? B. Moneky's Business Sense: Smart or Silly? C. Shopping for Bargain: Same or different? D. Disk for Apple: Who to Trade with? 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们通过实验来说明，“猴子的商业意识：聪明还是愚蠢？”
(1)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The monkeys chose to trade more with Allison.”可知，专家们从第一个实验中得出的结论是“猴子表现出一定的商业意识。”故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“half the time, Jake gave the one apple piece he was showing, and half the time he added a bonus.可知，a bonus指代的是“一块苹果”，故选B。 (3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The monkeys preferred trading with Jake because they'd rather take a chance of seeming to win than seeming to lose.”可知，猴子在第二个实验中会选择与杰克进行更多的交易是因为他们不喜欢失去的感觉。故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Researchers recently taught six monkeys how to use
money. ...The monkeys soon figured out that if they gave one of the disks to a scientist, they d receive a piece of apple in return.”和最后一段中的“We also sometimes make silly business decisions just to avoid the feeling that we're getting less, even when were not. Would you have made the same choices?”可知，本文说的是，猴子的商业意识：聪明还是愚蠢？故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
Imagine yourself on the other side of the college admissions desk. It's not so glorious, apparently. At the very least, you need to be good-natured. Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most. He sent out a request to members of the National Association for College Admissions Counselors and received hundreds of responses. Apparently, college admissions officers were waiting for an opportunity to unload their frustrations. The responses fall into several areas: Communication
Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as \some1 2 call me.\
Leaving a message with just a first name and no telephone number. For example, \Suzie. Please call me back.\
Acting distracted during a one-on-one interview; nervous habits like foot-tapping or \\ Not responding to emails from the admissions office. Over-involved parents
The very common comment from parents, \ Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children. Essays
Not identifying which question they are responding to.
Writing about something they were great at in the seventh grade but haven't pursued since then.
（1）What is the purpose of the text?
A. To complain about the process of college application. B. To provide tips for college students in achieving high grades.
C. To list unwelcome behaviors in college application. D. To prove that admission officers are under great pressure.
（2）Which behavior may leave admission consolers a bad impression?
A. To use inappropriate and incomplete language. B. To leave a complete telephone number. C. To focus on the interview and stay calm. D. To reply to e-mails quickly. （3）What should parents avoid doing in an interview?
A. Letting kids to fill in the application form. B. Attending the interview on time. C. Getting dressed neatly for the interview. D. Answering questions for their kids. 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学生申请大学时出现的一些令招生人员烦恼的不好的行为。
（1）考查写作目的。根据第一段中的“Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most.”和“The responses fall into several areas:”可推断，文章的写作目的是为读者列出在申请大学时不受欢迎的行为。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据● Communication部分中的“Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as “im w8ing 4 somel 2 call me.”可知，使用不合适的和不完整的语言会给招生人员留下不好的印象。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据● Over-involved parents部分中的“Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children.”可知，父母不应该在面试中为代替孩子回答问题。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作目的两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto. It was the farthest, coldest, and darkest thing a child could imagine. We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on. We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica, or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.
Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星） in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.
Pluto's underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive. Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, Tombaugh's task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light, a planet that the observatory's founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune. On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).
Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It's a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn't the limit at all. We don't know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look. （1）Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?
A. Because it lost its major planet status. B. Because it disappeared in the sky. C. Because it was discovered by an American.
D. Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe. （2）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh B. Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy C. Pluto's Strange Romance
D. The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania （3）What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A. Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression. B. Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh. C. Clyde Tombaugh's job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory. D. Clyde Tombaugh's telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.
（4）What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A. Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system. B. Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system. C. Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky.
D. Pluto is not a planet in the solar system, but it is more than a planet. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）D （4）D
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了小时候作者对冥王星的认识，以及冥王星被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了冥王星的神秘和魅力，这使作者认识到宇宙是无穷的，也是不断变化的，需要我们不停去探索。
( 1 )推理判断题。根据第三段Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星）in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可知，在2006年冥王星被从太阳系大行星中被去除，失去了其大行星地位，故选A。
( 2 )主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是冥王星的被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了它的神秘和魅力。C项“冥王星的奇怪浪漫史”概括全文，故选C。
( 3 )推理判断题。根据第四段Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.和On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).可知，是Clyde Tombaugh用他简陋的仪器发现了冥王星，成了第一个发现行星的美国人，并且给黑暗的大萧条时期带来了一线光明。故选D。
( 4 )猜测句意题。此句指冥王星的发现并不仅仅是一颗行星，它还让我们知道了宇宙无限大，天空根本不是极限，它们是不断变化的需要我们去探索。故选D。 【点评】考查科普类短文阅读。
10．阅读理解
On a recent trip to the island of Newfoundland, Canada, my husband asked our talkative cab driver what made him most proud to be from there.
\好客),\down in the middle of nowhere, someone will stop to help. People here are kind like that.\ His answer lingered in my mind during that ride with my husband and teenage kids, as we headed out to explore on the first day of our vacation.
Little did I know we were about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves.
We met Alma that same morning at the start of a long hike.
Our teenagers hurried ahead, and as we walked behind, admiring the scenery, two women in sunglasses and summer hiking gear stopped.
They'd heard us discussing different routes, then asked if we'd like suggestions. They looked to be in their 40s, and were both enthusiastic to share their local expertise. We listened eagerly, taking mental notes, until one of the women asked, \have a car, right?\
I explained that there were no cars available during our week on the island, so we had to rely on cabs instead.
\(口香糖), she said: \
Dumbfounded, my husband and I just smiled in disbelief.
\ \
\ Stunned, I looked over at her friend, who shrugged and said, \ Forty minutes of talking later, my family climbed into Alma's car.
We spent the rest of our vacation discovering different areas of this beautiful island.
But it wasn't the groups of whales we saw, or the vast areas of woodland, that made this place so memorable.
Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was.
(英语)高二英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析
