大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 291
（ 总分： 60.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 ）
一、 Reading Comprehension（ 总题数： 8 ，分数： 60.00）
1. Part III Reading Comprehension
解析： 2.Section A
解析：
It seems you always forget
— your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when
you are going to the 1, your credit card when you are shopping... Such absent-mindedness may be 2to you. Now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that 3everything the user sees. The glasses can play back memories 4to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also allow the user to label items so information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory 5certain items by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a blank label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then 6in. It could be used in 7plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring complicated a device. A spokesman for the project, said: A car 8for instance could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the 9the system could highlight accident black spots or dangers on the road. In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, indicating points of 10or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified. A. later
B. motorists C. moisture D. noticeable E. frustrating F. fills G. dashing H. necessity I. record J. halts K. cleaners L. mechanic M. industrial N. interest O. identifying 分数： 20.00 ）
有关，只有 interest 最适合， points of interest 意为“景点”。
解析：
Big is Back A) Corporate giants were on the defensive for decades. Now they have the advantage again. In 1996, in one of his most celebrated phrases, Bill Clinton declared that
he era of
big government is over. He might have added that the era of big companies was over, too. The organisation that defined capitalism for much of the 20th century was then in retreat, attacked by corporate raiders, annoyed by shareholders and
outwitted by entrepreneurs ( 企业家 ). Great names
such as Pan Am had disappeared. Others had survived only by huge bloodletting: IBM sacked 122,000 people, a quarter of its workforce, between 1990 and 1995. Everyone agreed that the future lay with entrepreneurial start-ups such as Yahoo! — which in late 1998 had the same market
capitalisation with 637 employees as Boeing with 230,000. The share of GDP produced by big industrial companies fell by half between 1974 and 1998, from 36% to 17%. B) Today the balance of advantage may be shifting again. To a degree, the financial crisis is responsible. It has destroyed the venture-capital market, the lifeblood of many young firms. Governments have been rescuing companies they consider too big to fail, such as Citigroup and General Motors. Recession is squeezing out smaller and less well-connected firms. But there are other reasons too, which are giving big companies a self-confidence they have not displayed for decades. C) Of course, big companies never went away. There were still plenty of first-rate ones: Unilever and Toyota continued to innovate through thick and thin. And not all start-ups were models of success: Netscape and Enron promised to revolutionise their industries only to crash and burn. Nevertheless, the balance had shifted in favour of small organisations. The entrepreneurial boom was supercharged by two developments. Deregulation ( opened protected markets. Some
national champions, such as AT&T, were broken up. Others saw their markets eaten up by swift-footed newcomers. The arrival of the personal computer in the 1970s and the internet in the 1990s created an army of successful start-ups. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computer in 1976 in the Jobs family's garage. Microsoft and Dell Computer were both founded by teenagers (in 1975 and 1984 respectively). Larry Page and Sergey Brin started Google in Stanford dorm rooms. D) But deregulation had already begun to go out of fashion before the financial crisis. The Sarbanes-Oxley act, introduced after Enron collapsed in disgrace, increased the regulatory burden on companies of all sizes, but what could be borne by the big could cripple the small. Many of today's most dynamic industries are much more friendly to big companies than the IT industry. Research in biotechnology is costly and often does not bear fruit for years. Natural-resource companies, whose importance grows as competition for resources intensifies, need to be big — hence the mining industry's consolidation. E) Two further developments are shifting the balance of advantage in favour of size. One is a heightened awareness of the risks of subcontracting (
转包合同 ). Toy
撤销管制规定 )
companies and pet-food firms alike have found that their brands can be hurt if their suppliers turn out goods of poor quality. Big industrial companies have learned that their production cycles can be broken up if contractors are not up to the mark. Boeing, once a champion of subcontracting, has been forced to take over slow suppliers. A second is the emergence of companies that have discovered how to be entrepreneurial as well as big. These giants are getting better at minimising the costs of size (such as longer, more complex chains of managerial command) while exploiting its advantages (such as presence in several markets and access to a large talent pool). Cisco Systems is pioneering the use of its own video technology to improve communications between its employees. IBM has carried out several company-wide brainstorming exercises, recently involving more than 150,000 people, that have encouraged it to put more emphasis, for example, on green computing. Disney has successfully taken Pixar's creative magic. F) You might suppose that the return of the mighty, now better equipped to crush the competition, is something to worry about.
Not necessarily. Big is not always ugly just as small is not always beautiful. Most entrepreneurs
dream of turning their start-ups into giants （or at least of selling them to giants for a fortune）. There is a symbiosis （ 互利合作关系 ） between large and small. Cloud computing would not provide young firms with access to huge amounts of computer power if big companies had not created giant servers. Biotech start-ups would go bust were they not given work by giants with deep pockets. G） The most successful economic ecosystems contain a variety of big and small companies: Silicon Valley boasts long-established names as well as an ever-changing array of start-ups. America's economy has been more dynamic than Europe's in recent decades not just because it is better at giving birth to companies but also because it is better at letting them grow. Only 5% of European Union companies born since 1980 have made it into the list of the 1,000 biggest in the EU by market blessing a be well could giants the of return The H） 22%. is figure the America, In capitalisation. for the world
economy —but only if business people and policymakers avoid certain mistakes.
Businesses should not admire size blindly, particularly if this means diversifying into a lot of unrelated areas. The model of joint business may be tempting when cash is hard to find. But the moment will not last. By and large, the most successful big firms focus on their core businesses. I） Policymakers should both resist an instinctive suspicion of big companies and avoid the old error of embracing national champions. It is bad enough that governments have diverted resources into supporting failing companies such as General Motors. It would be even more regrettable if they were to return to picking winners. The best use of their energies is to remove the burdens and barriers which prevent entrepreneurs from starting businesses and turning small companies into big ones. （分数： 20.00 ）
（1）.Boeing realized that subcontracting could threaten its production cycle. （分数： 2.00 ） 填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： E）
解析：解析：根据专有名词 Boeing及难词subcontracting 可定位至E段第4、5句。第5句提到的Boeing是为了说明 上一句提到的承包商达不到标准对一些公司的影响， 本题的 threaten its production cycle 与原文的 their production cycles can be broken up 意思相近，故 E 为本题出处。
（2） .The policy maker should force on removing the barriers that hinder entrepreneurs from starting businesses instead of supporting the big companies.
（分数： 2.00 ）
填空项 1: _________________ （正确答案：正确答案： I ）
解析：解析：本题与政府的决策有关，全文只有在最后两段提到相关信息。其中 I 段最后一句提出建议， “最好的策略 是……”，所述与本题基本相符，而该段前面就提到了不要一味地支持大企业，故本题出处在 I段。
（3） .Silicon Valley is considered to be a successful economic ecosystem in that it contains both giant and small companies. （分数： 2.00 ）
填空项 1: _________________ （正确答案：正确答案： G）
解析：解析：根据专有名词 Silicon Valley 及economic ecosystem定位至G段首句。该句前半句说一个成功的经济生 态系统应该包括不同的大小企业； 而后半句则说硅谷既有久负盛名的企业， 也拥有一系列新企业， 符合前半句说的标准， 故本题信息与原文相符。
（4） .The deregulation policy and numerous successful start-ups created by personal computer have help boosted the entrepreneurial boom. （分数： 2.00 ）
填空项 1: _________________ （正确答案：正确答案： C）
解析：解析：本题的关键词是 entrepreneurial boom \创业潮”。与此相关的信息在C段。该段第5句提到有两件事情 加速了“创业潮” 。一是管制规定的撤销开放了受保护的市场，二是由个人电脑及网络的诞生造就的一大批成功的新企 业。本题是对这两个因素的概括。 （5）
venture-capital market has been brought about by the financial crisis.
.The end of the （分数： 2.00）
填空项 1: _________________ （正确答案：正确答案： B）
解析：解析：根据关键词 venture-capital market 及 financial crisis 定位至 B 段第 2、3 句。第 3 句首的 It 指代上 一句的 financial crisis ，该句所述与本题相符，故本题出处在
B 段。
（6）.Due to the corporate raiders' attack, shareholder's annoyance and new entrepreneurs' rise, some household names have collapsed or decayed. （分数： 2.00 ） 填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： A）
解析：解析：本题有关大型企业的倒闭或衰落， 文章的 A、C 两段有相关信息。 再根据 corporate raiders 及 shareholder's annoyance等信息可定位至A段第4、5句，其中第4句分述了造成大企业倒闭的三方面，与本题所述相符，故 出处。
（7） .By and large, the most successful big companies focus on their core businesses and will give
A为本题
up the model of joint business. （分数： 2.00 ）
）H （正确答案：正确答案：1: __________________ 填空项.
解析：解析：根据 core 、 businesses 及 joint business 可定位至 H 段最后三句。倒数第 2、 3 句否定了 joint business 的模式，最后一句则与题目意思一致，说成功的企业会专注于其核心业务，故本题出处在
H段。
（8） .It is not necessary to worry about the revival of the big company in that big company is not always ugly. （分数： 2.00 ）
填空项 1: _________________ （正确答案：正确答案： F）
解析：解析：根根big companyis not always ugly可定位至F段前三句。该部分提到作者指出没有必要（Not necessarily） 去担忧大企业的回归，大企业并不都是好的，正如小企业并不总是美好的一样。本题概括了前三句的内容，故 题出处。 （9）
for the biotechnology industry to produce fruit.
填空项 1: _________________ （正确答案：正确答案： D） 解析：解析：根据 biotechnology industry 及produce fruit
可定位到D段倒数第2句。该句中的doesnot
.It usually takes many years （分数： 2.00 ）
F段是本
bear fruit for years 与题目中的takes many years…to produce fruit 意思相近，两句意思一致，故 D段为本题出 处。 （10）
computing has enabled young firms to substantially enhance their computer power. 2.00 ）
填空项 1: _________________ （正确答案：正确答案： F）
解析：解析：根据 Cloud computing 定位至 F 段倒数第 2 句。该句提到了“云计算”的功用，该句暗示“云计算”也能 为年轻的公司提供强大的计算能力，这与本题所述相符， 5.Section C
F段为本题出处。
.Cloud （分数：
解析：
The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating.
You are easily annoyed, bothered, and irritated. Patience adds a dimension of ease and acceptance to your life. It's essential for inner peace. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don't like it If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is small stuff. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods —periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience.
Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone （
里程碑 ） —five minutes of
successful patience — you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You'll see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't life or death but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with Without patience, the same scenario can become a major emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings, and high blood pressure.
（分数： 10.00 ）
（1）.In the first paragraph, the expression uilding a mental snowball can be best replaced by . （分数： 2.00） A. __ imagining a big snowball B. __ awaiting a result calmly
C. taking a deep breath D.
lo sing your patience
V
是一种暗喻， D本文的主
解析：解析：词义推测题。句中短语 keep…from有助于理解考点的意义，building a mental snowball
作者想表达人的情绪像滚雪球似的积聚直至失控之意，根据上下文可判断出该表达法在此处的意义为选项 题是patience，而选项A B C都与主题无关。
（2） ____________________________________ .The main idea of the first paragraph is that . A. it takes a long time to cultivate patience B. patience is very important for us C. patience is essential for inner peace D. being late is small stuff
解析：解析：主旨大意题。本段的第
1句为主题句，理解go a long way toward
（分数： 2.00）
V
是解题的关键，该短语意为\对 .....
大有帮助”，并不是“花长时间”的意思，因此，选项 B为正确选项，而选项A对go a long way toward理解错误。选项C和D都只是该段中心思想的片断，概括不够全面。
（3） _________________________________ .It's implied in the second paragraph that . A. the quality of patience is very hard to cultivate B. patience should become a school course
C. you'll get more than expected from practicing patience D. the quality of patience will lead you to success
解析：解析：推理判断题。从第 2段最后两句可以推断出正确答案应为选项 C。选项A与本段第1句意思相反。本段第 3句虽有提到classroom和curriculum 等与学习有关的词语，但它们是一种暗喻，不能因此推断选项 扰性，因为倒数第 2句有 success 一词，但只要对该句理解正确，就能排除此选项了。
（4） _________________________________________ .People without patience will treat the challenge as 数： 2.00 ） A. a minor thing
B. a matter of life or death C. the small stuff D. a great chance
解析：解析：事实细节题。本题考查对比处。第 3段开头将有耐心和没耐心的两种人在面对困境时的态度进行对比，可 以推断选项B为正确选项。根据同一段可发现其他三个选项都是有耐心的人面对困境时的态度。 (5) ________________________________ .The purpose of this passage is to ___________ . A. persuade people to be more patient B. tell how to practice patience C. list the advantages of patience
D. state the importance of patience 解析：解析：主旨大意题。作者通过阐明耐心的重要性，如何培养耐心和拥有耐心的好处来劝说读者要更加耐心，由此 可见选项A正确。选项B、C和D分别只是文章三个段落的大意，而并非对全文主题的概括。 Languages will continue to diverse. Even if English were to become the universal language, it would still take many different
分数： 2.00)
.
（分
B。选项D最具干
（分数： 2.00 ）
V
V
V
大学英语四级改革适用阅读模拟试卷291
