定语从句 知识讲解 定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…
定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…
定语从句
定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由
词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和
持一致。
）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
rosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语
关系代词that, which的用法
以下情况多用that.
the people that are present burst into tears.
如果先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the best等词修饰，关系代词常用that(指人时，可以用who),例如：
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用w
Is there anything that I can do for you?
is the very book that I want to find.
is the best film that we have seen.
as the only person in my office that/who was invited. 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much所修饰时；
can take any seat that is free. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
is the first foreign book that I have ever seen. 在there be句型中，常用that.
先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.
e is a man that lives in that village.
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 当关系词前面有介词时，指物常用which.
prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike. 非限制性定语从句指物时，多用which.
以下情况用which.
built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
oo is hollow, which makes it light. 如果先行词本身是that时，只用which.
wrote an article, which tells us about the computer.
is that which he bought yesterday.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，
表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\介词+ which\结构，因此常常和\介词+ which\结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\介词+ which\引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住
I don’t like the way (that/ in which) he was treated.
This is the reason he was absent.
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
：例1 D，例2 A
变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省
应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点
，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状
系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去
主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
is the house which we bought last month. house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
les Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
id water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
定语从句where,when,what,which用法
