1 英语24字整体教学
Period Four Grammar—Revise Noun Clauses
(as the Subject，Object and Predicative)
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows. 2．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 3．Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 4．Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. 5．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 6．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups... 1．以上各句都是主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。
2．名词性从句可在句中作介词的宾语，如句1和句4；可作动词的宾语，如句3。
3．名词性从句可在句中作主语，且可用it作形式主语，真正的主语置于句末，如句2和句6。 4．名词性从句可在句中作表语，如句5。
一、主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等引导。that在句中无实义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当句子成分。 1．连词that引导的主语从句
that在从句中无意义，不作任何成分。
强化训练 习题精做 名校名师整理材料 助同学们一臂之力
2 英语24字整体教学
That the heavy haze is harming our health is quite apparent. 浓重的雾霾正在危害我们的健康，这是很明显的。
注意：若主语部分结构较长，可使用形式主语it，把主语从句放在后面。 That he will pass the driving test is very certain. ＝It is very certain that he will pass the driving test. 他会通过驾照考试，这是非常有把握的。 2．连词whether/if引导的主语从句
whether/if在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
Whether they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.他们是否要开会还没有定下来。 It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。 3．连接代词who，whose，which，what，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however引导的主语从句 连接代词或连接副词在从句中有意义，作成分。 What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 Whoever comes will be welcome. 无论谁来都将受到欢迎。 4．it作形式主语，主语从句后移
有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句，即真正的主语，放在后面。 主语从句与形式主语it
基本句型结构 It is＋名词＋that从句 常用词语 常用的名词有a fact，a shame，a pity，no wonder等。 常用的形容词有necessary，strange，important，possible等。It is＋形容词＋that从句 当形容词为important，necessary等时，主语从句的谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。 常用的过去分词有said，reported，decided，believed，It is＋过去分词＋that从句 suggested，ordered等。过去分词为suggested，ordered等表“建议，命令”的词时，主语从句的谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。 It＋动词(短语)＋that从句 It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.学生学好英语很重要。
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常用的动词(短语)有seem，happen，turn out，occur to等。 3 英语24字整体教学
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。
It seems that he is not quite himself today. 他今天好像不怎么舒服。 二、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
结构为：主语＋谓语(Vt.)＋宾语从句或介词(Prep.)＋宾语从句。 I will do what I can (do) to help him. 我会尽我所能帮助他。
Give a reading list to whoever comes. 给所有来的人一份阅读书目。
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我打扰了你这么长时间。
注意：最后一个例句中，主系表结构后面的that 从句看作宾语从句。宾语从句特别注意的问题：引导词、语序和时态。
引导宾语从句的词有连词that(无意义，不作成分)；if/whether(是否)；连接代词who，whose，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。如果主句时态是过去时，从句通常用过去时态与主句一致；语序为陈述句语序。 1．连词that引导的宾语从句
that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中可以省略。 He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。 [特别提醒] 在以下情况中that不能省略：
(1)动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。
We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university. 我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进入一个非常好的大学。
(2)当主句的谓语动词与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省略。
Just then I noticed，for the first time，that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
那时我第一次注意到我们的老师穿着他的好看的绿色大衣并戴着黑色丝帽。 (3)当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省略。 I can’t tell him that his mother has died. 我不能告诉他他的母亲去世了。 2．wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句
由who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，whoever，whatever，whichever
强化训练 习题精做 名校名师整理材料 助同学们一臂之力
2021年春高中英语选修8 unit 1 Grammar
