浅谈中医药膳学学习体会
姓名:许明贺 学号:20110132030 班级:11中西医结合B班
随着科学技术的发展,人们的健康理念也随之发生了一定的变化——由病后求治转向未病先防,这种理念深刻地影响着人们的思想观念和相关行为,尤其反应在饮食文化上。这所谓“药补不如食补”,虽颇有偏激但亦说明一定的问题。王永炎教授曾经说过,21世纪的医学不应该是继续以疾病为主要的研究领域,应当以人类和人群的健康作为主要的研究方向。“治未病”、“民以食为天”中国五千年的文化历史积淀有着深厚的饮食文化底蕴,形成了独具特色的中医药膳学。所谓中医药膳,即在中医理论指导下,根据人体健康状况和药食同源的原理,将适当的有药用功效的食品和适当的中药相配伍,运用各种烹调技术制成的具有一定色、香、味、形和特定功效的食品。既有食品作用又有药品作用的美味佳肴,它比普通食品更有营养、保健、治疗作用。
据文献记载, 我国药膳食疗保健起源可以追溯到夏禹时代。相传仪狄曾作酒献给夏禹品尝以健体。《诗经?风?七月》所谓“ 为此春酒, 以介寿眉” , 是说酒有延缓衰老、益寿强身的作用。至商代, 伊尹制汤液, 著《汤液经》, 以烹调之法疗疾。《吕氏春秋?本味篇》载有: “ 阳朴之姜, 招摇.之桂” , 姜和桂都是辛温之品, 有抵御风寒的作用, 又是烹调中常用的调味品。以此烹调成汤液, 既是食品, 又可是汤药, 说明商代已有朴素的饮食疗法, 这已经具有食疗药膳的雏型。周朝时, 《周礼?天官》所载的四种医中, 食医居于疾医、疮医、兽医之首。1973 年湖南长沙马王堆三号汉墓出土的古医学帛anti-Japanese patriotism. Under the influence of the party, Zhu, Wang, acting in strict discipline, political, military quality and combat effectiveness has improved. As well as youth service corps, women's service and young pioneers,
countryside-Japanese performance, posting anti-Japanese slogans, operate private schools, literacy classes, founder of the iron, and the tongue and the sound, sparks and other anti-Japanese mimeographed tabloid, actively promote anti-Japanese. Hanchang recovery after the party, that is, \Azhen to participate in development of the Chinese Communist Party, in October and set up a water party group in Hong Kong, Han chang long party group. Meanwhile, Xu on cleaning two wannan, demanding new army deployed cadres, and have sent many new progressive youth to receive training. On November 9, sheng, Wu Xing, Nanxun, jiaxing, Tongxiang, Zonta, Hangzhou, wukang strongholds such as Elves, nearly all men, together with the aircraft, boats, Zhu Xi Lu, pouncing on troop locations. 10th, the enemies have invaded yan Tomb, Xin Cheng, Wuzhen. 11th, Zhu Xi army pier at Bell House was surrounded by the enemy, break, casualties will be great, CPC party member Xu, Xu Quansheng, really so magnificent and head of three Wang Yulin, also died in the battle. Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Jie Xu with the new cadres, Communist party Mr CHOW (Zhou kangyu) came from southern Anhui. Zhu Xi Wei CHOY for staff officers. The end of unified leadership
书, 相传是战国前的医学著作, 书中谈到了饮料保健的方法, 特别强调了酒和韭的延年益寿和滋补强身的作用, 其中云: “ 酒者, 五谷之精气也, 其人中散流, 其人理也, 彻而周” , 韭“ 春三月食之, 病疾不昌” ( 《十问》)。《黄帝内经》是我国现存的第一部中医学典籍, 书中提出了系统的食疗学理论, 对我国的食
养、食疗和药膳的实践产生了深远的影响。书中认为, 饮食的五味必须调和, 不能偏胜, 偏胜则会引起疾病。“ 味过于酸, 肝气以津, 脾气乃绝; 味过于苦, 脾气不濡, 胃气乃厚;味过于辛, 筋脉沮弛, 精神乃殃”、“ 是故谨和五味, 骨正筋柔, 气血以流, 腆理以密, 如实则筋骨以精。谨道如法, 长有天命”。在该书中还强调药治与食治相结合的重要, 《灵枢?营卫生会》说: “ 人受气于谷, 谷人于胃, 以传于肺, 五脏六腑皆以受气, ” 《素问?脏气法时论》所说: “ 五谷为养, 五果为助, 五畜为益, 五菜为充, 气味合而服之, 以补益精气。” 《素问?至真要大论》说: “ 夫五味人胃, 各归所喜, 故酸先人肝, 苦先人心, 甘先人脾, 辛先人肺, 咸先人肾” 等论述。《神农本草经》是我国最早的一部药物学专著, 共收载药物365 种, 其中载药用食物50 种左右, 如酸枣、橘袖、葡萄、大枣、海蛤、干姜、赤小豆、粟米、龙眼、蟹、杏仁、桃仁等, 包括米谷、菜蔬、虫鱼、禽、肉等“ 食药物” ,并记载了这些药物有“ 轻身延年” 的功效。说明当时对于一些食物的药用价值已经给予重视和肯定。东汉著名大医学家张仲景《伤寒杂病论》中不乏有食疗药膳的有关内容, 《金匾要略》著有“食禁” 专篇, 列举了治少阴咽痛的猪肤汤和治产后腹痛的当归生姜羊anti-Japanese patriotism. Under the influence of the party, Zhu, Wang, acting in strict discipline, political, military quality and combat effectiveness has improved. As well as youth service corps, women's service and young pioneers,
countryside-Japanese performance, posting anti-Japanese slogans, operate private schools, literacy classes, founder of the iron, and the tongue and the sound, sparks and other anti-Japanese mimeographed tabloid, actively promote anti-Japanese. Hanchang recovery after the party, that is, \Azhen to participate in development of the Chinese Communist Party, in
October and set up a water party group in Hong Kong, Han chang long party group. Meanwhile, Xu on cleaning two wannan, demanding new army deployed cadres, and have sent many new progressive youth to receive training. On November 9, sheng, Wu Xing, Nanxun, jiaxing, Tongxiang, Zonta, Hangzhou, wukang strongholds such as Elves, nearly all men, together with the aircraft, boats, Zhu Xi Lu, pouncing on troop locations. 10th, the enemies have invaded yan Tomb, Xin Cheng, Wuzhen. 11th, Zhu Xi army pier at Bell House was surrounded by the enemy, break, casualties will be great, CPC party member Xu, Xu Quansheng, really so magnificent and head of three Wang Yulin, also died in the battle. Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Jie Xu with the new cadres, Communist party Mr CHOW (Zhou kangyu) came from southern Anhui. Zhu Xi Wei CHOY for staff officers. The end of unified leadership
肉汤, 以及桂枝汤、百合鸡子黄汤等, 这些食疗方至今还被临床所常用。至于之后的发展与繁荣更是不计其数,总之中国古代对于药膳的研究可谓百花争鸣。建国以后, 特别是改革开放以来, 药膳学也随着中医药事业的不断提高而进人了全面发展的新时期。尤其是现在, 随着经济的迅猛发展和生活水平的提高, 人们的健康观念在不断转变, 老龄社会的到来, 使得传统药膳对疾病的辅助治疗作用更加显示出其特有的优势。运用其防病治病的疗效优势, 已广泛被国内外医学界和家庭所重视。
说到此,就应该谈谈药膳的应用以及原则了。首先我们要明了药膳的养正御邪的目的。药膳可养护正气、抵御外邪、提高机体的抗病能力。合理安排药膳、饮食可保证机体脏腑功能的旺盛,正如《灵枢?五味》所言:“天地之精气,其大数常出
三入一,故谷不入半日则气衰,一日则气少矣。”只有“正气存内”,才能“邪不可干”。而药膳发挥了食物的特异性作用,可达到预防疾病的目的,如葱白、生姜、芫荽可预防感冒,绿豆汤防暑,山楂降脂预防动脉硬化,大蒜杀菌防治呼吸道和胃肠感染等。其次药膳的治则为未病先防、既病防变、瘥后防复。针对食物的四气五味等特性对脏腑、气血、阴阳的选择作用来调整脏腑的偏盛偏衰、气血失调及阴阳失衡,使得未病脏腑机能提高、抵御外邪的能力增强。如,枸杞猪肝汤预防夜盲症,海带鲫鱼汤预防甲状腺肿大,,番薯玉米羹预防脚气病。《黄帝内经》认为,口渴时服兰草汤,以阻截消渴病的发生。疾病的发展都有其规律可循,药膳作为重要的辅助治疗,根据其传变规律,辨证施膳可防止其传变。药膳anti-Japanese patriotism. Under the influence of the party, Zhu, Wang, acting in strict discipline, political, military quality and combat effectiveness has improved. As well as youth service corps, women's service and young pioneers, countryside-Japanese performance, posting anti-Japanese slogans, operate private schools, literacy classes, founder of the iron, and the tongue and the sound, sparks and other anti-Japanese mimeographed tabloid, actively promote anti-Japanese. Hanchang recovery after the party, that is, \guerrilla people save,\development of the Chinese Communist Party, in October and set up a water party group in Hong Kong, Han chang long party group. Meanwhile, Xu on cleaning two wannan, demanding new army deployed cadres, and have sent many new progressive youth to receive training. On November 9, sheng, Wu Xing, Nanxun, jiaxing, Tongxiang, Zonta, Hangzhou, wukang strongholds such as Elves, nearly all men, together with the aircraft,