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有机化学方程式(选修五)
烷烃(甲烷为例)1.CH4+Cl2
光照
CH3Cl+HCl ….
点燃
2.CnH2n+2+(3n+1)/2O2 nCO2+(n+1)H2O
烯烃(乙烯为例)
1.CH2=CH2+Br2→CH2Br—CH2Br 2.CH2=CH2+H2O 催化剂CH3CH2OH 3.CH催化剂2=CH2+HCl CH3CH2Cl 4.CH催化剂2=CH2+H2△
CH3—CH3
5.nCH2=CH2
催化剂
[CH2—CH2]n
6.CnH2n+3n/2O2点燃
nCO2+nH2O
炔烃(乙炔为例)
催化剂
1.CH≡CH+2H2△CH3—CH32.CH≡CH+HCl
催化剂CH2=CHCl
△
3.CH≡CH+Br2 →CHBr=CHBr 4.CH≡CH+2Br2→CHBr2—CHBr25.nCH2=CHCl 催化剂
[CH2—CH ]n
苯Cl
1.+HNO
浓硫酸
3
55~60℃
—NO2+H2O
2.+Br2 (液溴) FeCl3
—Br +3.
+3H催化剂2
△
苯的同系物(甲苯为例)更多精品文档
HBr
学习-----好资料
CH3
浓硫酸
CH3
O2N—
—NO2
+3H2O
NO2
—COOH
1.+3HNO3CH3
55~60℃
+
2、
KMnO4(H)
卤代烃(溴乙烷为例)1.CH3CH2Br+NaOH
H2O △
醇△
CH3CH2OH+NaBr
2.CH3CH2Br+NaOH 醇
CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O
1.2CH3CH2OH+2Na →2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑2.CH3CH2OH+HBr
浓硫酸
△
CH3CH2Br+H2O CH2=CH2↑+H2O
CH3CH2—O—CH2CH3+H2O
2CH3CHO+2H2O
2CH3COCH3+H2O
3.CH3CH2OH 4.2CH3CH2OH
170℃浓硫酸140℃
5.2CH3CH2OH+O2
Cu或Ag
△
6.2CH3CH(OH)CH3+O27. C(CH3)3 OH+O2 酚(苯酚为例)
OH
1.2
+2Na→2
催化剂△
Cu或Ag
△
很难被氧化
ONa
+H2↑
OH 2.
ONa
3.
+NaOH →
ONa
+H2O OH
+NaHCO3
+CO2 +H2O →
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学习-----好资料
OH
4.
+Na2CO3→
ONa
+NaHCO3OH
5.
+3Br2
→Br—
Br
—Br
↓
+3HBr
6. FeCl3溶液溶液呈紫色
醛(乙醛为例)1.CH3CHO+H2
CH3CH2OH
催化剂
2.2CH3CHO+O2
催化剂
2CH3COOH
△
3.CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH
CH3COONH4+3NH3+H2O+2Ag↓
4.CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2+NaOH羧酸酯
1.CH3CHOOH+CH3CH2OH2.CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O
△
CH3COONa+Cu2O↓+3H2O
浓硫酸
CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O CH3CHOOH+CH3CH2OH
稀硫酸
3. CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOH→CH3CHOONa+CH3CH2OH
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